A dictionary of design styles, written from the works themselves.
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97
タブロー写真 / 1970s / Style / Photography Movements
Assembles the scene before the shutter and holds it in a single print made to hang like a painting, its figures acting as if no viewer were there.
A single large print made to hang / Figures who never look back at you / Interiors and streets built to the last corner / Lighting borrowed from cinema
98
バイオモーフィズム／有機的形態 / 1930s–1960s / ongoing / Style / Modern Architecture
Extends asymmetric, continuous forms suggesting cells, bones, organs and plants into abstraction, furniture, vessels and space.
Asymmetric curves / Cell-like forms / Smooth continuous surfaces / Abstraction from nature
99
インターナショナル・スタイル / 1920s–1960s / Style / Modern Architecture
Strips ornament and aims at a universal architectural language crossing borders: the box, the free plan, steel, concrete and glass.
Rectangular volumes / Glass planes / No ornament / The free plan
100
メタボリズム建築 / 1960s–1970s / Style / Modern Architecture
Conceives city and building as one vast system that can grow, exchange and renew itself like an organism.
Exchangeable capsules / Megastructures / Growing cities / Organic networks
101
ハイテック建築 / 1970s– / Style / Modern Architecture
Ducts, structure, elevators and joints, all of them normally hidden, are pushed to the outside so that the building reads as an enormous machine.
Exposed services / External structure / Metal and glass / Modules
102
トロピカル・モダニズム / 1940s–1970s / Style / Modern Architecture
Adapts modern architecture to hot, humid climates through canopies, louvers, ventilation and sun control.
Brise-soleil / Deep eaves / Cross-ventilation / Permeable screens
103
有機的建築 / 1900s– / Style / Modern Architecture
Refuses to treat building, furniture, material, terrain and light separately, designing them as one continuum that includes the place and the life lived in it.
Integration with terrain / Horizontals / Natural materials / Inside-outside continuity
104
ラディカル建築／イタリアン・ラディカル / late-1960s–1970s / Style / Modern Architecture
Objects to functionalism and consumer society, critiquing architecture's own premises with fictional cities, furniture, photographs and collage.
Speculative cities / Anti-functionalism / Vast grids / Play and critique
105
ポストモダン建築 / 1960s–1990s / Style / Modern Architecture
Rebels against modernism's universality, reintroducing historical quotation, ornament, sign, color and irony to city and building.
Historical quotation / Ornament returned / Strong color / Double meanings
106
グーギー建築 / late-1940s–1960s / Style / Modern Architecture
Theatricalizes roadside commerce with exaggerated roofs, neon, glass and space-age shapes readable in an instant from a car.
Upswept roofs / Giant neon / Boomerang shapes / Full glazing
107
スペースエイジ・デザイン / 1957–early 1970s / Style / Postwar Industrial Design
Translates the hopes of the space race into capsule forms, spheres, molded plastic, vivid color and lightweight furniture.
Capsule forms / Molded plastic / Spheres / Vivid synthetic color
108
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ハーレム・ルネサンス / 1920s–1930s / Style / Black Arts Movement
A cultural movement that rebuilt Black self-representation and modernity in the words and images of Black people themselves, working through literature, music, theater, publishing and art.
Black self-representation / The jazz age / Magazines and publishing / Modern figures
109
メキシコ壁画運動 / 1920s–1940s / Style / Mural Traditions
Paints post-revolutionary history, labor, indigenous culture and visions of the future onto the vast walls of public buildings.
Monumental murals / Crowds of figures / Political narrative / Public space
110
アフリコブラ / 1968– / Style / Black Arts Movement
Visualizes Black communal affirmation and political consciousness through blazing color, rhythm, lettering and Africa-centered images.
Kool-Aid colors / Rhythmic repetition / Letters and figures / Afrocentric imagery
111
OSPAAAL連帯ポスター / 1966–1990s / Style / Printmaking and Social Movements
Carries transnational solidarity with anti-colonial liberation movements through flat color, photography, iconography and short multilingual text.
Blazing flat color / Multiple languages / Symbolic iconography / International solidarity
112
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イスラム幾何学文様 / 8th century– / Technique / Ornament
Divides, repeats and combines circles, squares, polygons and stars, building infinite extension and order on a finite plane.
Compass construction / Star forms / Repeating units / Interlacing lines
113
ムガル細密画 / 16th–19th centuries / Style / Persian and Indian Painting
Condenses court life, history, nature and story into a small plane through precise brushwork, gold, pigments, ornamental borders and multiple viewpoints.
Precise brushwork / Gold and opaque watercolor / Ornamental borders / Multiple viewpoints
114
ニュー・トポグラフィックス / 1975– / Style / Photography Movements
Turns from grand natural scenery to the landscapes people have altered, recording suburbs, graded building sites and industrial zones without heat.
Empty suburbs / Frontality / Dry color / Man-altered landscape
115
フィルム・ノワール / 1940s–1950s / later revivals / Style / Cinematic Visual Styles
Cuts distrust, isolation and fatalism into the frame with low-key lighting, deep shadow, oblique composition, the city at night, reflections.
Low-key lighting / Hard chiaroscuro / Rain and night streets / Slanting shadows
116
ライオット・ガール・ジン / 1990s / Style / Publishing and Editing
Cuts and pastes handwritten and typed words, then copies them as they are, keeping the photocopier's crushed blacks and the crooked page.
Handwriting mixed with typewriting / Shadows along the pasted edges / Crushed blacks and coarse grain / Pages copied while still crooked
117
リキッドガラス / 2025– / Style / Apple UI
Unifies the floating control and navigation layer as a fluid glass material that refracts and adapts to the content beneath.
Dynamic refraction / Concentric corner radii / Floating control layers / Reflected background color
118
フルーエント2 / 2022– / Style / Microsoft UI
Tokenizes color, type, spacing, radius and depth, deploying Solid, Acrylic, Mica and Smoke materials by role across Microsoft products.
Mica and Acrylic / Neutral tonal hierarchy / Soft corner radii / Tokenized depth
119
フルクサス / early 1960s–late 1970s / Style / Avant-garde
Values the act and the participation above the finished piece, working in scores, boxes, cheap multiples, performances and events until the border between art and daily life gives way.
Event scores / Boxes and multiples / Everyday actions / Anti-art humor
120
アルテ・ポーヴェラ / 1967–1970s / Style / Italian Avant-garde
Takes up earth, branches, cloth, stone, fire and metal, materials that are neither precious nor stable, and uses them to intervene in the commodification of art and the values of industrial society.
Non-precious materials / Change and decay / Nature against industry / Bare assembly
IndexStyle is not a list of every term used around design. An independent entry must describe a visual language that can be recognised, reproduced and distinguished from its neighbours. Editorial standard