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Swiss
スイス・スタイル / 1950s– / Style / Functionalism
Puts order front and center and makes the information itself the protagonist.
Strict grid / Sans-serif type / Asymmetry / Objective photography
IndexStyle
A dictionary of design styles, written from the works themselves.
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| Terms | 579 |
|---|
Dictionary
Search by style name or describe what you are making. Name matches come first; purpose, desired effect and medium add relevant alternatives.
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Bauhaus
バウハウス / 1919–1933 / Style / Functionalism
Makes function and play coexist through the circle, triangle and square.
Elementary shapes / Primary colors / Functional beauty / Visible structure
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Constructivism
構成主義 / 1910s–1930s / Style / Avant-garde
Turns a message into motion with diagonals and hard contrast.
Red, black and white / Diagonal axis / Photomontage / Imperative lettering
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Art Deco
アール・デコ / 1920s–1930s / Style / Historical Styles
Stages urban luxury with repeating geometry and a metallic sheen.
Symmetry / Radiating lines / Stepped motifs / Gold and black
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Art Nouveau
アール・ヌーヴォー / 1890s–1910s / Style / Historical Styles
Joins letters, figures and ornament into one flowing, plant-like line.
Botanical curves / Ornamental frames / Female figures / Muted natural colors
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Modernism
モダニズム / 1920s–1970s / Style / Functionalism
Replaces ornament with reasoned form and aims at universality. The particular answers stand as their own entries, and Bauhaus, Swiss, Minimalism and Streamline Moderne are all separate solutions arrived at from this one stance.
Simplification / Clear hierarchy / Function first / Universal forms
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Minimalism
ミニマリズム / 1960s– / Style / Functionalism
Removes elements to maximize the meaning and tension of what remains.
Vast white space / Few elements / Quiet color / Precise spacing
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Web Brutalism
ウェブ・ブルータリズム / 2014– / Style / UI Expression
Puts the browser's default rendering straight on screen and refuses the finished look of templates. The bare structure of the HTML becomes the style itself.
Default headings and links / Blue underlined links / Extreme jumps in size / Rules and white space without ornament
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Mid-Century Modern
ミッドセンチュリー・モダン / 1940s–1960s / Style / Retro
Adds hand-felt curves and warmth to rational geometry.
Organic shapes / Calm warm colors / Succinct illustration / Diagonal movement
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70’s Retro
70年代レトロ / 1970s / Style / Retro
Builds cheerful nostalgia from thick round shapes and earthy warm color.
Fat curves / Wave forms / Orange and brown / Repeating stripes
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The Face
ザ・フェイス / 1980s / Style / Publishing and Editing
Redraws its headline letters and section marks issue by issue, then sets them into a page of heavy rules and black bars with the same weight as the photographs.
Extra bold headline letters drawn on geometry / Heavy rules and black bars dividing the page / Section marks that change shape issue by issue / Large type laid over the photograph
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Punk
パンク / 1970s–1980s / Style / Counterculture
A DIY objection to the authority of the tidy, made by cutting, pasting and dirtying.
Cut-and-paste letters / Photocopier noise / Handwriting / Ragged placement
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Post-Modernism
ポスト・モダニズム / 1970s–1990s / Style / Avant-garde
Doubts the single right answer and mixes quotation, irony and ornament as play. The answers per field stand as their own entries, with Memphis in furniture, Postmodern Architecture in building, and New Wave on the page.
Mixed styles / Irony / Ornament reclaimed / Unexpected color
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Deconstructivism
脱構築主義 / 1980s– / Style / Avant-garde
Dismantles an achieved order and makes tension and instability the new structure.
Fragmentation / Tilt / Colliding layers / Unstable contours
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Psychedelic
サイケデリック / 1960s–1970s / Style / Counterculture
Melts contour and color until reality itself starts to sway.
Swirling curves / Complementary colors / Melting letters / Kaleidoscope patterns
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Synthwave
シンセウェーブ / 1980s imagined future / Style / Digital Retro
Replays the future the 1980s imagined, in neon and horizon lines.
Neon / Perspective grid / Sunset / Black sky
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New Wave
ニュー・ウェーブ / 1970s–1980s / Style / Counterculture
Keeps punk's freedom while re-editing color and grid with urban polish.
Irregular grid / Dots / High chroma / Rotated type
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Grunge
グランジ / 1990s / Style / Counterculture
Uses dirt, tears and wear as resistance to the neatly managed screen.
Scuffing / Tears / Disordered type / Low-quality copies
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Web 1.0
ウェブ1.0 / 1990s / Style / Digital Retro
Reuses the naivety of the constrained early web as directness and charm. In the 2020s it came back as a movement to take the personal site back, gathering under names like Neocities and Yesterweb.
Blue links / Low-res GIFs / System fonts / Plain buttons
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Y2K
ワイツーケー / late 1990s–2000s / Style / Digital Retro
Expresses optimism for the new millennium in translucent plastic and rounded futures. Its shine comes from resin and metal you could hold rather than from a screen, which separates it from the interface gloss of the same years.
Translucent plastic / Silver / Bubble forms / Cyber brightness
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Web 2.0 Gloss
ウェブ2.0グロス / 2000s / Style / Digital Retro
Explains digital interaction as something touchable through gloss, roundness and reflection. It names what the web made when it tried to reproduce the texture of Aqua with images and CSS.
Glossy buttons / Strong gradients / Reflections / Rounded corners
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Skeuomorphism
スキューモーフィズム / 2000s–2010s / Style / UI Expression
Borrows cues from real materials and tools to make unknown interactions understandable. It names the principle, so Aqua and Brushed Metal are what the principle looked like when one company shipped it.
Leather, metal, paper / Dimensional shadows / Real-world metaphors / Fine textures
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Neumorphism
ニューモーフィズム / late 2010s– / Style / UI Expression
Makes background and controls one material, showing relief through soft shadow alone.
Same-color surfaces / Two-direction shadows / Rounded parts / Low contrast
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Glassmorphism
グラスモーフィズム / 2020s / Style / UI Expression
Shows depth and hierarchy through translucent layers, floating information lightly.
Background blur / Translucency / Thin white borders / Color bleed
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Vaporwave
ヴェイパーウェイヴ / 2010s / Style / Digital Retro
Turns memories of consumer society and early digital life into dreamlike unease.
Pink and purple / Classical statues / Early CG / Tropics and Japanese text
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Cyberpunk
サイバーパンク / 1980s– / Style / Visions of the Future
Advanced technology and ruined daily life share the same frame, so the future arrives as promise and as threat.
Rainy nights / Multilingual neon / Dense cabling / Dark cities
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Maximalism
マキシマリズム / recurring / Style / Ornament
Layers quantity, color and pattern without fear, making excess itself the richness.
Layered patterns / Strong color / Ornamental type / Collector's density
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Gothic
ゴシック / 12th–16th century / Style / Historical Styles
Summons mystery, awe and permanence through verticality and dark ornament. What is described here is the medieval body of work; the nineteenth-century movement that dug it up stands separately as Gothic Revival.
Blackletter / Pointed forms / Black / Minute ornament
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Neubrutalism
ニューブルータリズム / 2010s– / Style / UI Expression
Rebels warmly against the over-polished web with thick borders and blunt color.
Thick black borders / Hard shadows / Vivid color / Flat components
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Flat Design / Vector Minimalism
フラットデザイン / ベクターミニマリズム / 2010s– / Style / UI Expression
Reduces information to plain planes and color, portable across screens and media.
Uniform planes / Simple shapes / Few shadows / Clear color
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Gen X Soft Club
ジェネレーションX ソフトクラブ / late 1990s / Style / Digital Retro
Paints vague hope for the future in the teal glow bleeding through club darkness.
Teal / Blurred light / Translucency / Abstract 3D
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Future Funk
フューチャーファンク / 2010s / Style / Digital Retro
Re-edits 1980s Japanese pop at high speed into dazzling euphoria.
80s anime / City pop / Vivid night views / Rapid collage
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Steampunk
スチームパンク / Victorian retrofuture / Style / Visions of the Future
Extends steam-age materials and machinery into a tangible alternate history.
Brass / Gears / Leather / Gauges
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Acid
アシッド / 1990s–2020s / Style / Counterculture
Slams fluorescent color and distortion together at high pressure, shaking the eye with aggression.
Fluorescent color / Distortion / High contrast / Rough 3D
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Glitch
グリッチ / digital / Style / UI Expression
Refuses to hide error and corruption, exposing the fragility of the digital medium itself.
Channel shift / Block noise / Scanlines / Dropout
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Naïve
ナイーブ / timeless / Style / Illustration Styles
Steps away from the norms of skill, making plain observation and imbalance the charm.
Uneven lines / Flattened perspective / Simple color / Hand-drawn letters
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Blueprint
ブループリント / industrial / Style / Technical Expression
Instead of a finished object it shows the lines of the thinking behind it, communicating structure and possibility.
White lines on blue / Dimensions / Sections / Handwritten notes
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Risograph
リソグラフ / 1980s– / contemporary revival / Technique / Stencil Printing
Keeps the per-color plates and their happy misregistration, giving each copy its own body heat.
Misregistration / Spot-color inks / Halftone dots / Paper show-through
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Bento Grid
ベントーグリッド / 2020s / Layout / Information Design
Divides different kinds of information into independent boxes, giving the whole picture at a glance.
Cards large and small / Aligned gutters / One-screen summary / Modules
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Isometric Illustration
アイソメトリック・イラストレーション / technical drawing–digital / Technique / Diagrammatic Expression
Keeps depth while looking down from above, explaining relationships among many parts in a single image.
30-degree axes / Uniform scale / Exploded views / Little worlds
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Solarpunk
ソーラーパンク / 2000s– / Aesthetic / Visions of the Future
Refuses to oppose nature and technology, painting a bright future that is tended by hand.
Green and sunlight / Local handwork / Renewable technology / Community
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Afrofuturism
アフロフューチャリズム / 20th century– / Aesthetic / Visions of the Future
Connects African diasporic history, culture and future, reclaiming stolen time and new possibility.
Cosmic futures / Cultural pattern / Metal and earth / Myth reinterpreted
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Dark Academia
ダーク・アカデミア / 2010s– / historical references / Aesthetic / Subculture Style
Borrows the shadows of old scholarly rooms to build an obsession with knowledge and a secretive intimacy.
Old books / Deep browns and black / Classical serifs / Candlelight
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Claymorphism
クレイモーフィズム / 2020s / Style / UI Expression
Makes digital components soft and playable with rounded, clay-like volume.
Inflated forms / Inner highlights / Soft shadows / Pastels
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Gradient Mesh
グラデーション・メッシュ / digital–contemporary / Technique / Painting Techniques
Blends several color focal points smoothly, giving a flat plane the depth of light and atmosphere.
Multi-point gradients / Bleeding light / Large color fields / Soft depth
Editorial policy
IndexStyle is not a list of every term used around design. An independent entry must describe a visual language that can be recognised, reproduced and distinguished from its neighbours. Editorial standard
- Reference images are always real works: photographs and scans held by museums, libraries and archives, or official documents. We never make or retouch them.
- Where no lawfully usable photograph of a style exists, the entry instead shows an AI-generated interpretation. It is always labelled as such, never enters the reference gallery, the share image or the machine-readable data, and is replaced the moment a real work is found. 21 of 579 entries currently show one.
- Every entry names the source it was recorded from and links to it, and every source URL is checked when the entry is added and again in later sweeps.
- Styles, techniques and internet aesthetics are classified, never conflated.
- Related entries stay traceable in both directions.
- For image rights, see About citations and reference images.