Ceramic Styles
What a pot looks like is decided by its glaze and its firing, and each region answered those two questions differently. The reception of Chinese porcelain at the far end of the trade routes is still legible in Delft, in Iznik and in Puebla alike.
Dictionary entry
- Delftware 1600s– / Style
Longing for Chinese porcelain, Delft produced tin-glazed pottery of its own. Windmills, ships and Eastern scenes painted in blue alone fixed 'blue and white' as a Western language of table and room, chinoiserie put into practice.
- Iznik Pottery 15th–17th century / Style
The pottery reached by the Ottoman kilns, setting brilliant blue and red on a white body. Tulips and carnations turn in spirals around the curve of the vessel, and on the wall tiles of a mosque geometry and plant ornament coexist on a single surface.
- Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain 14th century– / Style
Cobalt blue brushed onto a white porcelain body, sealed under a clear glaze and fired once. Potters at Jingdezhen in Jiangxi established it during the Yuan dynasty by adding kaolin to the clay and improving their firing technology. Because the palette is held to a single colour, every gradation has to come from thin and thick washes and from shapes reserved in white.
- Famille Rose 1720s– / Style
An overglaze enamelled porcelain style that began in China and is built on an opaque enamel running from pink to purplish rose. The pigment is Purple of Cassius, made from colloidal gold, and it reached China with Jesuit missionaries around 1685. The style peaked under the Yongzheng reign of 1723 to 1735 and afterwards was produced largely for export to Europe.
- Blanc de Chine Ming dynasty– / Style
Blanc de Chine is the European name for the white porcelain fired at the Dehua kilns in Fujian. Nothing is painted on it, so the whole effect rests on a milky, faintly bluish glaze and on bodies pressed in piece moulds with details modelled separately and applied by hand. Guanyin figures and libation cups copied from carved rhinoceros horn became its signature pieces.
- Goryeo Celadon 918–1392 / Style
The main ceramic style of Korea's Goryeo dynasty, built around glazes that range from green to bluish, the finest of which was called bisaek, or jade colour. The clay body carries traces of iron and fires a grayish white, which sets it apart from the pure white porcelain of the same centuries. Because the glaze stays translucent, inlaid decoration cut into the body and filled with white and red slip reads as if held under water.
- Buncheong 14th–16th century / Style
Buncheong is Korean stoneware whose bluish grey body is covered with white slip, and its name shortens a phrase used by the art historian Go Yuseop. The group is sorted by how the slip is applied, through inlay, stamping, sgraffito, incising, iron painting, brushed slip and dipped slip. Because the coating is never even, the marks of the hand stay on the finished pot.
- Kakiemon 17th century– / Style
Porcelain from the Arita district of Hizen, painted with bright enamels laid over the glaze on a fine white body. The name comes from a family of decorators said to have brought overglaze enamelling to Arita in the 1640s. Wide areas of the white body are left bare and the painting is pushed to one side of them.
- Oribe Ware Momoyama period– / Style
A stoneware style fired in the Seto and Mino kilns from the Momoyama period into the early Tokugawa years, centred on utensils for the tea gathering. Surfaces stay rough and the glazes are few, simple and warm in colour. Copper green covers only part of the pot, and the reserved body carries iron brushwork.
- Raku Ware 16th century– / Style
Raku is pottery covered with a lead glaze and fired at a very low temperature, with the piece pulled from the kiln while still hot and left to cool in open air. The glaze never fully levels and the body stays soft and porous, so no two pieces from one firing carry the same surface. The Getty vocabulary lists the Japanese process and the wider technique as two separate entries.
- Istoriato c. 1500– / Style
A way of painting maiolica in which the whole face of a dish becomes one picture, carrying a historical, mythological, Biblical or allegorical scene in colour all the way to the rim. It first appears around 1500 and is associated with Urbino. The vessel stops being a decorated object and turns into a support for painting.
- Talavera Poblana 16th century– / Style
Talavera is the tin-glazed earthenware that Spanish potters' technique became in and around Puebla, painted over a thick milky white glaze. Local potters borrowed the blue-and-white schemes of Chinese porcelain that crossed the Pacific and passed through the city, then mixed in local figures such as the quetzal and the double-headed eagle. That crossing is what separates it from the Spanish maiolica it started from.
- Studio Pottery 1920s– / Style
Ceramics made by individual artist potters in their own workshops, where one person carries a pot from forming through glazing to firing. It emerged in the early twentieth century as part of a wider revival of crafts and is deliberately non industrial. The Leach Pottery, opened at St Ives in Cornwall in 1920, became its best known centre.