Direct Animation vs Photogram
ダイレクト・アニメーション / フォトグラム
Direct Animation comes from Experimental Film and Photogram from Photographic Techniques. Both are read here as technique. They are reached for with some of the same intent, which is where they get confused.
Direct Animation
Images made without a camera, by drawing, scratching and pasting directly onto the filmstrip. The film stock itself becomes the brushstroke and the rhythm.
Photogram
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No camera is involved. Objects laid on the sensitive surface and exposed to light turn contour, transparency and distance into the picture.
| Direct Animation | Photogram | |
|---|---|---|
| Era | 1935– | 1830s– / avant-garde revival |
| Family | Experimental Film | Photographic Techniques |
| Kind | Technique | Technique |
| Cues | Hand-drawing on film / Scratched marks / Continuity that ignores frames / Physical blots of color | Cameraless / Object contours / Reversed values / Contact and distance |
| Best used for | Short experimental films and titles that put the material itself in front · Abstract runs of color and scratch cut by hand to a piece of music | Recording small objects of differing transparency by contour and tone alone · Work that shows the experiment with light itself, without a camera |
| Type | Write letters by hand one frame at a time and keep the drift | For letters, lay cut stencils on the paper and leave them reversed |
| Composition | Ignore the frame line and pull marks as long continuous bands | Treat the sheet edge as the frame and choose contact or a gap |
| Material | Paint onto clear stock, scratch into black, and switch between them | Photo paper, lamp height, exposure time, distance controlling edge hardness |
| Caution | Laying one scanned scratch texture over the footage so the dirt sits still instead of changing every single frame. | This is not black and white abstraction in general. Merely arranging unusual objects records only shadows, while transparency and distance from the sensitized surface are what make the image. |