Beaux-Arts vs Palladianism
ボザール様式 / パッラーディオ主義
Both sit in Historical Styles, so the question is not what they belong to but how they behave. Both are read here as style. They are reached for with some of the same intent, which is where they get confused.
Beaux-Arts
The academic synthesis of the classical taught at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Grand axes, sculptural ornament and a hierarchy of formality were laid over the new technologies of iron and glass, giving the modern city its public face in stations, museums and banks.
Palladianism
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Palladio distilled proportion, the temple front and strict symmetry from Roman antiquity into a formula for the villa. His Four Books carried it to Britain and America, where it became the archetypal correct face of public architecture.
| Beaux-Arts | Palladianism | |
|---|---|---|
| Era | 1830s–1920s | 1550s– / 17th–18th century revival |
| Family | Historical Styles | Historical Styles |
| Kind | Style | Style |
| Cues | Grand axes and staircases / Synthesized classical orders / Sculptural ornament / Stone over iron structure | Temple-front portico / Strict symmetry / Plans from proportion / Central dome |
| Best used for | Giving formal order to a station or museum where crowds have to move · Joining a new structure to an existing street using classical vocabulary | The public face of a parliament or a university, standing for permanence · A composition whose stated proportions survive later additions and wings |
| Type | Roman capitals carved deep into the band of the entablature | Roman capitals cut into the frieze and sized to the depth of its band |
| Composition | One main axis, stairs and halls rising in formality along the route | A central entrance with wings of identical dimension on either side |
| Material | An iron frame inside a stone skin, interiors of marble and sculpture | White stone or render, columns and wall one color, form read from shadow |
| Caution | Spreading classical parts evenly over every surface with no axis and no hierarchy, so nobody can tell which room is the important one. | Sticking columns and a pediment onto the front while the plan behind stays asymmetrical, which reduces the whole style to a facing board. |