Mughal Garden vs Persian Garden
ムガル庭園 / ペルシャ庭園
Both sit in Garden Styles, so the question is not what they belong to but how they behave. Both are read here as style. They are reached for with some of the same intent, which is where they get confused.
Mughal Garden
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The chahar bagh scaled to empire: stepped water channels and white marble pavilions achieving, at Shalimar and the Taj, the full integration of building and garden.
Persian Garden
The origin of the chahar bagh, quartered by crossing water channels: a walled paradise of water and shade built against the desert. It gave the word paradise its meaning and the garden its archetype from Islam to the Mughals.
| Mughal Garden | Persian Garden | |
|---|---|---|
| Era | 16th–18th century | 6th century BC– |
| Family | Garden Styles | Garden Styles |
| Kind | Style | Style |
| Cues | Stepped water channels / White marble against water / Symmetrical avenues / Tomb and garden unified | Fourfold division by water / Axial basins and channels / The walled paradise / Shaded avenues |
| Best used for | Monumental buildings whose forecourt must be composed with them as one · Sites with a fall that lets water be shown terrace by terrace | Dry climate sites where water and shade are the resources being distributed · Walled courtyards designed to turn their back on the street |
| Type | Align the building's inscription with the garden axis so both read as one | Run inscriptions as a band along channel edge and wall, never the center |
| Composition | Run the fourfold axis through the building center and mirror the facade | Quarter the plot with crossing channels and set a basin at the crossing |
| Material | Set white stone against dark water and change the sound at each drop | Keep channels shallow against evaporation and let avenues carry shade |
| Caution | The pool gets widened to hold the reflection until the fourfold axis and the paired avenues can no longer be read and the form comes apart. | The fourfold plan gets copied on the drawing while flow and continuous shade are never secured, and the heat leaves nobody able to stay. |