Etching vs Mezzotint
エッチング／腐食銅版画 / メゾチント
Both sit in Intaglio Printing, so the question is not what they belong to but how they behave. Both are read here as technique. They are reached for with some of the same intent, which is where they get confused.
Etching
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A needle draws through the acid-resistant ground and the acid bites the metal it exposes, cutting lines into the plate that are thin, fluid and close to handwriting.
Mezzotint
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The whole plate is roughened to hold a deep black, then burnished back to raise the lights, so that the image emerges from soft velvet darkness instead of from lines.
| Etching | Mezzotint | |
|---|---|---|
| Era | 16th century– | 1640s– |
| Family | Intaglio Printing | Intaglio Printing |
| Kind | Technique | Technique |
| Cues | Thin flowing lines / Depth by biting / Cross-hatching / Plate marks | Velvet blacks / From dark to light / Soft gradation / Burnished light |
| Best used for | Series of travel notes or figures that keep the speed and hesitation of drawing · Book illustration where atmosphere and shadow must come from line alone | Portraits and still lifes where the subject emerges out of deep darkness · Frontispieces and covers built around night and a single light source |
| Type | Draw the lettering with the same needle so its weight matches the image | Keep lettering out of the shadows and small on the burnished side |
| Composition | Build tone from hatching density and keep bare paper as the brightest area | Decide where light falls first and give darkness most of the plate |
| Material | Vary line depth by bite time, stopping out in stages as the acid works | Rock the whole plate, burnish back the lights, watch black fade across the edition |
| Caution | A uniform pen line filter is no substitute, since bite time, overlapping lines, ink left in the wiping and press pressure make the difference, and layering without timing fills detail with black. | Opening too many lights starves the deep black the method depends on, so treat this as raising light out of a roughened plate rather than as a black gradient effect. |