# Proofreading Marks (校正記号)

> The sign language that corrects a typeset page in dialogue with its margins. The to-and-fro of deletion and restoration, the dele and stet of Western practice — the editing protocol that stands behind every typeset page, including this dictionary's.

- IndexStyle No.438 — https://indexstyle.org/styles/proofreading-marks
- Kind: Technique · Family: Composition Technology · Era: 16th century–
- Mood: Trust, Technology, Intimacy
- Color cues: #e9e6dd / #67635d / #171615 (cues taken from reference works, not a fixed palette)

## Defining characteristics

- Lines pairing text and margin
- Deletion and restoration exchanges
- Insertion and transposition signs
- The hierarchy of red

## Best used for

- Comparing primary sources and canonical works
- Extracting principles that transfer to other media

## Research method

This entry records a historical style; derive the treatment from its sources rather than a fixed recipe:

- Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works
- Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information
- Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process

## What to avoid

Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.

## Application checklist

Before calling a piece an application of this style, check it against the defining characteristics:

- [ ] Lines pairing text and margin
- [ ] Deletion and restoration exchanges
- [ ] Insertion and transposition signs
- [ ] The hierarchy of red
- [ ] At least one reference work below has been studied directly
- [ ] The caution above ("What to avoid") has been addressed

## Related styles

- **Penguin Cover System (ペンギン・ブックスの表紙)** — From the tripartite color bands of 1935 through Tschichold's composition rules to Marber's grid, Penguin repeatedly invented the cover as a design system — making the paperback a textbook of modern design. → https://indexstyle.org/styles/penguin-covers
- **Flowchart (フローチャート)** — The process drawing the Gilbreths invented for work analysis. The grammar of shapes — diamond for decision, rectangle for process — passed through programming to become the common language of thinking in steps. → https://indexstyle.org/styles/flowchart

## Further study

- JIS Z 8208 proofreading marks
- dele and stet
- the migration to digital proofing

## Reference works

- 校正記号による朱入れ — https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spelling%20Correction%20Example.jpg

## Source of record

- The Chicago Manual of Style — https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/

## Machine surfaces

- JSON: https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/proofreading-marks
- Image-generation prompt (legally clean): https://indexstyle.org/styles/proofreading-marks/prompt.txt
- MCP: https://indexstyle.org/mcp (tools: search_styles, get_style, compose_styles; prompts: image-prompt, apply-style)

## 日本語

組まれた紙面の誤りを余白との対話で正す記号言語。トルツメ・イキの往復や欧文のdele記号など、印刷の歴史とともに磨かれた「紙面上の編集プロトコル」で、この辞典のような組版物すべての背後にある。

特徴: 本文と余白の対応線／トルツメ・イキの往復／挿入と転置の記号／赤字の階層
注意: 表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。