{"id":"usonian","no":741,"name":"Usonian","ja":"ユーソニアン住宅","era":"1930s–1950s","family":"近現代建築","kind":"スタイル","source":{"title":"Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation — Herbert Jacobs House","url":"https://franklloydwright.org/site/herbert-jacobs-house/"},"essence":"フランク・ロイド・ライトが1930年代から展開した、簡素な構成で庭と日常生活をつなぐ住宅の体系。低い屋根、木・煉瓦・ガラス、連続する居間と食事空間を組み、街路側の閉じ方と庭側の開き方を分ける。Prairie Schoolと水平性を共有するが、小さな住まいの施工と生活の合理化が中心にある。","cues":["平屋を中心とする低い屋根と深い軒","木、煉瓦、石に連続したガラス面を接続する","居間、食事、台所を分断しすぎない内部","街路側の抑えた開口と庭側の大きな開放"],"intents":["親密","静けさ"],"pair":["prairie-school","organic-architecture"],"study":["Herbert Jacobs House","Rosenbaum House","Usonian construction economy and later changes in cost"],"works":["住宅や小さな宿泊空間で、室内と庭を一続きの生活領域として計画するとき","住まいの展示や模型で、水平性と開口の向きによるプライバシーの違いを示すとき"],"recipe":{"type":"素材と同じ高さ関係に小さな案内を置き、正面に大きな紋章や題字を加えない。","layout":"低い共通の屋根の下に生活空間を連ね、道路に閉じ、庭へ長いガラス面を開く。","material":"自然な木目と煉瓦、透明なガラスを使い、継ぎ目と部材の反復を装飾の代わりにする。"},"avoid":"木と大きな窓だけでユーソニアンとしない。廉価住宅という当初の目標と、後期作品の規模・費用の拡大を分け、構造や施工の詳細は専門家と検証する。","colors":["#D8C5A4","#A65337","#403426"],"motif":"architecture","collection":"Dictionary expansion 48","addedAt":"2026-10-05","reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://franklloydwright.org/site/herbert-jacobs-house/","credit":"Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation — Herbert Jacobs House","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Exterior%20-%20Rear.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exterior%20-%20Rear.jpg","credit":"Frank Lloyd Wright — Rosenbaum House, garden elevation; photo: Blake Wylie — Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Rosenbaum%20House%2C%20Florence%2C%20Alabama%20LCCN2010640733.tif?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The%20Rosenbaum%20House%2C%20Florence%2C%20Alabama%20LCCN2010640733.tif","credit":"Frank Lloyd Wright — Rosenbaum House, living room; photo: Carol M. Highsmith / Library of Congress — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"en":{"essence":"Frank Lloyd Wright's approach to a simpler American home from the 1930s onward. Low roofs, natural materials and connected living spaces open toward a garden while controlling exposure to the street. It shares the Prairie School's horizontal emphasis, but puts the economy of a smaller dwelling and everyday life at its centre.","cues":["Low, often single-storey roofs with deep eaves","Timber, brick or stone joined to continuous glazing","Living, dining and kitchen areas connected rather than heavily divided","Restrained street openings and larger garden-facing windows"],"works":["Connecting a modest dwelling or guesthouse to its garden","Showing how low rooflines and directional openings shape domestic privacy"],"recipe":{"type":"Keep signage small and related to material joints; avoid a heraldic front.","layout":"Connect the living areas beneath one low roof and open long glazed edges toward the garden.","material":"Let timber grain, brick and repeated joints provide character beside transparent glass."},"avoid":"Timber and big windows alone do not make a Usonian house. Distinguish the original affordability goal from later growth in scale and cost; structural details require specialist validation.","study":["Herbert Jacobs House","Rosenbaum House","Usonian construction economy and later changes in cost"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/usonian","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/usonian","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/usonian/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/usonian/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}