{"id":"topiary","no":412,"name":"Topiary","ja":"トピアリー","era":"Roman era– / 17th century peak","family":"庭園の様式","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 20","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Levens Hall — Topiary Gardens","url":"https://www.levenshall.co.uk/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.levenshall.co.uk/","credit":"Levens Hall — Topiary Gardens","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Towering%20topiary%2C%20Levens%20Hall%20-%20geograph.org.uk%20-%203342893.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Towering%20topiary%2C%20Levens%20Hall%20-%20geograph.org.uk%20-%203342893.jpg","credit":"レヴェンズ・ホールのトピアリー（CC BY-SA 2.0）"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Topiary%2C%20Levens%20Hall%20-%20geograph.org.uk%20-%205548503.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Topiary%2C%20Levens%20Hall%20-%20geograph.org.uk%20-%205548503.jpg","credit":"刈込みの造形（CC BY-SA 2.0）"}]},"essence":"常緑樹を刈り込んで幾何学や動物を象る植物彫刻。数十年単位の成長を設計に組み込む、最も時間のかかる彫刻技法。","cues":["刈込みの幾何学","動物と象形","常緑樹の密度","数十年の造形時間"],"intents":["遊び","高級","静けさ"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"garden","pair":["parterre","maze-garden"],"study":["レヴェンズ・ホール 1690s","ローマの topiarius","現代トピアリーの復興"],"en":{"essence":"Plant sculpture: evergreens clipped into geometry and beasts, with decades of growth built into the design — the slowest of all sculptural techniques.","cues":["Clipped geometry","Beasts and emblems","Evergreen density","Decades as working time"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Levens Hall since the 1690s","the Roman topiarius","the modern topiary revival"]}}