{"id":"thangka","no":273,"name":"Thangka","ja":"タンカ","era":"11th century–","family":"聖像画","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 15","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Rubin Museum of Himalayan Art","url":"https://rubinmuseum.org/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://rubinmuseum.org/","credit":"Rubin Museum of Himalayan Art","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tibetan%2C%20Central%20Tibet%2C%20Tsang%20(Ngor%20Monastery)%2C%20Sakya%20order%20-%20Four%20Mandalas%20of%20the%20Vajravali%20Series%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetan%2C%20Central%20Tibet%2C%20Tsang%20(Ngor%20Monastery)%2C%20Sakya%20order%20-%20Four%20Mandalas%20of%20the%20Vajravali%20Series%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg","credit":"四曼荼羅のタンカ 15世紀 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jakar%20tshechu%2C%20Guru%20Rinpoche%20thongdrel%20with%20the%20Guru%2C%20his%20two%20wives%20and%20eight%20manifestations%20(15843686901).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jakar%20tshechu%2C%20Guru%20Rinpoche%20thongdrel%20with%20the%20Guru%2C%20his%20two%20wives%20and%20eight%20manifestations%20(15843686901).jpg","credit":"ジャカル・ツェチュのトンドル（ブータン） — Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0"}]},"essence":"チベット仏教の掛軸絵画。図像学の厳密な規範に従って仏尊と曼荼羅を描き、鮮烈な鉱物顔料と金線が瞑想の地図として機能する。巻いて運べる可搬性が遊牧の信仰生活を支えた。","cues":["図像規範の厳密さ","鉱物顔料の彩度","曼荼羅の幾何学","巻ける掛軸形式"],"intents":["静けさ","高揚","信頼"],"works":["瞑想や修行の手順を、絵で辿れる地図として設計するとき","巻いて運べる大判の掛図を、儀礼の場で使う前提で作るとき"],"recipe":{"type":"尊格の寸法を規範の格子で決め、輪郭を金線で締める","layout":"中尊を中心に置き、周囲を同心の枠と眷属で埋める","material":"布に膠地を張り、鉱物顔料を磨いて発色させ、金泥を重ねる"},"avoid":"図像の寸法規範を崩して自由に描くと、瞑想の地図として使えなくなり、装飾画にしかならない","colors":["#ddcda0","#4585c2","#9c1e15"],"motif":"world","pair":["persian-miniature","russian-icon"],"study":["図像measurement（ティクツェー）","ノル寺の曼荼羅","現代のタンカ工房"],"en":{"essence":"Tibetan Buddhist scroll paintings render deities and mandalas under strict iconometric rule. Vivid mineral pigment and gold line make them maps for meditation, and because they roll up for travel they sustained a nomadic life of faith.","cues":["Strict iconometric rule","The saturation of mineral pigments","Mandala geometry","The rollable scroll format"],"works":["Designing meditation practice as a map the eye can follow","Large rollable hangings made to be carried and used in ritual"],"recipe":{"type":"Set every deity's proportions on the canonical grid and finish contours in gold","layout":"Place the central figure at the center, ringed by concentric frames and attendants","material":"Sized cloth, mineral pigments burnished for color, gold applied last"},"avoid":"Loosening the iconometric proportions for free drawing makes the panel unusable as a map for meditation and reduces it to decoration.","study":["iconometric grids (tikse)","the Ngor mandalas","thangka workshops today"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/thangka","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/thangka","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/thangka/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/thangka/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}