{"id":"thangka","no":303,"name":"Thangka","ja":"タンカ","era":"11th century–","family":"仏教美術","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 15","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Rubin Museum of Himalayan Art","url":"https://rubinmuseum.org/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://rubinmuseum.org/","credit":"Rubin Museum of Himalayan Art","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tibetan%2C%20Central%20Tibet%2C%20Tsang%20(Ngor%20Monastery)%2C%20Sakya%20order%20-%20Four%20Mandalas%20of%20the%20Vajravali%20Series%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetan%2C%20Central%20Tibet%2C%20Tsang%20(Ngor%20Monastery)%2C%20Sakya%20order%20-%20Four%20Mandalas%20of%20the%20Vajravali%20Series%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg","credit":"四曼荼羅のタンカ 15世紀"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Painting%20Thangka%20Lhasa%20Tibet%20Luca%20Galuzzi%202006.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Painting%20Thangka%20Lhasa%20Tibet%20Luca%20Galuzzi%202006.jpg","credit":"タンカを描く絵師（CC BY-SA 2.5）"}]},"essence":"チベット仏教の掛軸絵画。図像学の厳密な規範に従って仏尊と曼荼羅を描き、鮮烈な鉱物顔料と金線が瞑想の地図として機能する。巻いて運べる可搬性が遊牧の信仰生活を支えた。","cues":["図像規範の厳密さ","鉱物顔料の彩度","曼荼羅の幾何学","巻ける掛軸形式"],"intents":["静けさ","高揚","信頼"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"world","pair":["persian-miniature","russian-icon"],"study":["図像measurement（ティクツェー）","ノル寺の曼荼羅","現代のタンカ工房"],"en":{"essence":"Tibetan Buddhism's scroll paintings: deities and mandalas drawn to strict iconometric rule, mineral pigments and gold line functioning as maps for meditation — portable faith for a nomadic life.","cues":["Strict iconometric rule","The saturation of mineral pigments","Mandala geometry","The rollable scroll format"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["iconometric grids (tikse)","the Ngor mandalas","thangka workshops today"]}}