{"id":"tapa","no":306,"name":"Tapa (Barkcloth)","ja":"タパ","era":"prehistory–","family":"染織の伝統","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 15","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa","url":"https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/","credit":"Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wedding%20Tapa%20(Gatu%20Vakaviti)%20LACMA%20M.2010.160.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wedding%20Tapa%20(Gatu%20Vakaviti)%20LACMA%20M.2010.160.jpg","credit":"フィジーの婚礼用タパ（LACMA）"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etoffe%20d'%C3%A9corce%20(tapa)%20de%20Futuna.png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Etoffe%20d'%C3%A9corce%20(tapa)%20de%20Futuna.png","credit":"フツナ島のタパ"}]},"essence":"太平洋諸島で樹皮を打ち延ばしてつくる布。幾何学文様を刷り、描き、燻して施し、儀礼と贈答の場で共同体の紋章として機能する。島ごとに文様体系が異なる太平洋のグラフィック言語。","cues":["樹皮の打ち目","幾何学文様の反復","土色の顔料","儀礼の場の大判布"],"intents":["親密","静けさ","信頼"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"world","pair":["kente","batik"],"study":["フィジーのマシ","トンガのンガトゥ","サモアのシアポ"],"en":{"essence":"The Pacific's beaten barkcloth: geometric patterns stamped, drawn and smoked onto it, serving as communal insignia in ritual and exchange — a Pacific graphic language whose pattern systems differ island by island.","cues":["The beaten texture of bark","Repeating geometric pattern","Earth-toned pigments","Great ceremonial sheets"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Fijian masi","Tongan ngatu","Samoan siapo"]}}