{"id":"tapa","no":276,"name":"Tapa (Barkcloth)","ja":"タパ","era":"prehistory–","family":"染織の伝統","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 15","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa","url":"https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/","credit":"Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wedding%20Tapa%20(Gatu%20Vakaviti)%20LACMA%20M.2010.160.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wedding%20Tapa%20(Gatu%20Vakaviti)%20LACMA%20M.2010.160.jpg","credit":"フィジーの婚礼用タパ（LACMA） — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Etoffe%20d'%C3%A9corce%20(tapa)%20de%20Futuna.png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Etoffe%20d'%C3%A9corce%20(tapa)%20de%20Futuna.png","credit":"フツナ島のタパ — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kapa%20bed%20cover%2C%20Hawaiian%20Islands%2C%20c.%201880%2C%20Honolulu%20Museum%20of%20Art%2C%204846.JPG?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kapa%20bed%20cover%2C%20Hawaiian%20Islands%2C%20c.%201880%2C%20Honolulu%20Museum%20of%20Art%2C%204846.JPG","credit":"カパ・モエ（ハワイ, 1880年頃） — Wikimedia Commons / CC0"}]},"essence":"太平洋諸島で樹皮を打ち延ばしてつくる布。幾何学文様を刷り、描き、燻して施し、儀礼と贈答の場で共同体の紋章として機能する。島ごとに文様体系が異なる太平洋のグラフィック言語。","cues":["樹皮の打ち目","幾何学文様の反復","土色の顔料","儀礼の場の大判布"],"intents":["親密","静けさ","信頼"],"works":["共同体の紋章になる大判の布を、贈答の場で使う前提で作るとき","幾何学の反復だけで、島ごとの違いを見分けさせたいとき"],"recipe":{"type":"文様の単位を紋章として扱い、同じ組み合わせを繰り返す","layout":"布全体を格子に割り、区画ごとに文様を替えて帯を通す","material":"樹皮を打ち延ばして接ぎ、土色の顔料で刷り、描き、燻す"},"avoid":"文様を出自の島から切り離して図案に使うと、帰属を示す紋章の機能が失われて模様だけが残る","colors":["#e4dcc8","#7a5d4d","#3a322a"],"motif":"world","pair":["kente","batik"],"study":["フィジーのマシ","トンガのンガトゥ","サモアのシアポ"],"en":{"essence":"Across the Pacific islands, bark is beaten out into cloth. Geometric patterns stamped, drawn and smoked onto it serve as communal insignia in ritual and gift exchange, and every island keeps its own pattern system within this Pacific graphic language.","cues":["The beaten texture of bark","Repeating geometric pattern","Earth-toned pigments","Great ceremonial sheets"],"works":["Great sheets that serve as communal insignia in ceremony and gift exchange","Making island differences legible through repeating geometry alone"],"recipe":{"type":"Treat the motif unit as insignia and repeat one combination","layout":"Divide the whole sheet into a grid and run bands of changing pattern","material":"Beaten and joined bark, earth pigments stamped, drawn and smoked in"},"avoid":"Cutting the patterns loose from the island they belong to strips them of the insignia function and leaves only decoration.","study":["Fijian masi","Tongan ngatu","Samoan siapo"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/tapa","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/tapa","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/tapa/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/tapa/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}