{"id":"spirit-photography","no":392,"name":"Spirit Photography","ja":"心霊写真","era":"1862–1930s","family":"写真ジャンル","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 19","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"The Public Domain Review — The Spirit Photographs of William Hope","url":"https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-spirit-photographs-of-william-hope/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-spirit-photographs-of-william-hope/","credit":"The Public Domain Review — The Spirit Photographs of William Hope","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mumler%20(Lincoln).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mumler%20(Lincoln).jpg","credit":"マムラー メアリー・トッド・リンカーンと「霊」1872頃"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CoupleWithSpirit%20cropped.png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CoupleWithSpirit%20cropped.png","credit":"ウィリアム・ホープの心霊写真"}]},"essence":"二重露光の「霊」を写し込んだ19世紀の心霊写真術。マムラーのリンカーン未亡人像から交霊会ブームまで、写真の証拠性への信仰そのものを利用した、メディア詐術と欲望の様式。","cues":["半透明の重ね像","遺族の肖像との合成","交霊会の記録形式","証拠性の演出"],"intents":["懐かしさ","反骨","静けさ"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"photo","pair":["staged-photography","analog-horror"],"study":["マムラー裁判 1869","クルー・サークル","写真の証拠性の歴史"],"en":{"essence":"The 19th-century craft of double-exposed ghosts, from Mumler's portrait of Lincoln's widow to the séance boom — a style of media deception feeding on faith in photographic evidence itself.","cues":["Translucent superimposed figures","Composites with mourning portraits","The séance-record format","Staged evidentiality"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["the Mumler trial of 1869","the Crewe Circle","the history of photographic evidence"]}}