{"id":"second-empire","no":733,"name":"Second Empire","ja":"セカンド・エンパイア様式","era":"1852–1880s","family":"歴史様式","kind":"スタイル","essence":"フランス第二帝政期の華やかな公共建築を起点に、欧米の庁舎、ホテル、邸宅へ広がった19世紀の様式。急な下部と緩い上部を持つマンサード屋根で最上階を包み、屋根から突き出すドーマー、中央パヴィリオン、持送りのあるコーニス、隅石を重ね、実用的な追加階を都市の威信へ変える。","cues":["二段勾配のマンサード屋根と、列をつくるドーマー窓","正面中央または両端を前へ出したパヴィリオン","深いコーニスを支える反復したブラケット","隅石、ペディメント、鉄の棟飾りを重ねた左右対称の正面"],"intents":["高級","信頼","高揚"],"pair":["beaux-arts","gothic-revival"],"study":["French Second Empire architecture, 1852–1870","mansard roofs and dormer hierarchy","Second Empire civic architecture in Europe and the United States"],"works":["ホテルや集合住宅で屋根裏階を確保しながら、街路から見える格式を最上部に集中させるとき","歴史建築の改修で、中央、翼部、屋根の三段階を使って長い正面へ序列をつくるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"セリフの大文字を中央軸上のペディメントか入口上へ一度だけ置き、階ごとに書体を増やさない。","layout":"正面は中央パヴィリオンを軸に左右対称へ組み、窓列をそろえ、最上部をマンサード屋根とドーマーの反復で閉じる。","material":"切石または淡いスタッコに、濃いスレート屋根、鋳鉄の棟飾り、木または石のブラケットを明確な層で重ねる。"},"avoid":"マンサード屋根を載せただけで終えない。窓列、中央パヴィリオン、コーニス、ドーマーが同じ軸と階層をつくらないと、増築した屋根だけが浮いて見える。","colors":["#D7C6A6","#53616B","#5A3535"],"motif":"architecture","collection":"Dictionary expansion 46","addedAt":"2026-08-23","source":{"title":"National Park Service — Spring Hill Ranch House","url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/spring-hill-ranch-house.htm"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/spring-hill-ranch-house.htm","credit":"National Park Service — Spring Hill Ranch House"},"en":{"essence":"A nineteenth-century style originating in the opulent public architecture of France's Second Empire and spreading to civic buildings, hotels and houses in Europe and the United States. A mansard roof enclosed a useful upper story, while dormers, a central pavilion, bracketed cornices and quoins turned that added floor into urban prestige.","cues":["A double-pitched mansard roof with a regular line of dormers","Central or end pavilions projecting from the front","A deep cornice carried on repeated brackets","A symmetrical facade layered with quoins, pediments and iron roof cresting"],"works":["Concentrating a hotel's or apartment building's status at the roofline while gaining a usable attic story","Ordering a long historic facade into central, wing and roof hierarchies during renovation"],"recipe":{"type":"Place serif capitals once on the central axis above the entrance or within a pediment; do not introduce a new face on every floor.","layout":"Build symmetrically around a central pavilion, align the window bays, and close the top with a repeated rhythm of mansard roof and dormers.","material":"Layer cut stone or pale stucco, a dark slate roof, cast-iron cresting and timber or stone brackets as clearly separated systems."},"avoid":"Do not stop at adding a mansard roof. If window bays, central pavilion, cornice and dormers do not share one axis and hierarchy, the roof reads as a detached addition.","study":["French Second Empire architecture, 1852–1870","mansard roofs and dormer hierarchy","Second Empire civic architecture in Europe and the United States"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}