{"id":"scratchboard","no":592,"name":"Scratchboard","ja":"スクラッチボード","era":"19th century–","family":"手描き","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 31","addedAt":"2026-08-22","source":{"title":"Smithsonian National Postal Museum — Scratchboard illustration","url":"https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/trailblazers-and-trendsetters/sports"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/trailblazers-and-trendsetters/sports","credit":"Smithsonian National Postal Museum — Scratchboard illustration"},"essence":"白い粘土層を黒インクで覆った板を刃物で削り、暗い面から光と輪郭を引き出す反転描画。白線の太さ、交差、削り残しが、毛並み、金属、夜景の強いコントラストを作る。","cues":["黒い地から削り出した鋭い白線","輪郭とハイライトが同じ刃の跡でつながる","交差線と点で作る中間調","削り残した広い黒面と局所的な白の集中"],"intents":["反骨","高級","技術"],"works":["動物、機械、人物の細部を高コントラストの挿絵へまとめるとき","暗い包装やポスターへ、版画に近い硬質な光を与えるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"太い白抜き見出しを使い、細字は削り線と競合しない黒面へ置く。","layout":"黒を基礎に、光が当たる輪郭と焦点だけを白線で削り出す。","material":"白いクレー層の板へ黒インクを塗り、針、刃、スクレーパーで幅の違う線と点を削る。"},"avoid":"白黒画像を反転しただけではスクラッチボードにならない。削る方向と線幅が表面と光を説明する必要がある。","colors":["#F4F0E5","#6F6458","#090909"],"motif":"print","pair":["woodcut","linocut"],"study":["clay-coated board","subtractive white line","scratchboard engraving tools"],"en":{"essence":"Scratchboard removes black ink from a white clay-coated board, drawing light and contour out of darkness; blade width, crossing and retained black create fur, metal and nocturnal contrast.","cues":["Sharp white lines cut from a black ground","Contour and highlight joined by the same blade marks","Crossed lines and dots producing middle values","Broad retained black with concentrated white detail"],"works":["High-contrast illustration of animals, machines and figures","Giving dark packaging and posters a hard engraved light"],"recipe":{"type":"Use bold reversed headlines and keep fine copy in uninterrupted black fields.","layout":"Begin with black and cut only lit contours and focal detail into white.","material":"Ink a white clay board and scratch varied lines and dots with needles, blades and scrapers."},"avoid":"Inverting a black-and-white photograph is not scratchboard. Direction and width of cuts must describe surface and light.","study":["Clay-coated board","Subtractive white line","Scratchboard engraving tools"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}