{"id":"richardsonian-romanesque","no":732,"name":"Richardsonian Romanesque","ja":"リチャードソニアン・ロマネスク","era":"1870s–1890s","family":"歴史様式","kind":"スタイル","essence":"19世紀後半の米国で、H. H. リチャードソンが中世ロマネスクの半円アーチを、粗い石積み、深い開口、非対称な塔、低く横へ広がる量塊へ作り替えた建築様式。表面装飾より石の重量、影の深さ、入口をまとめる幅広いアーチによって、教会、図書館、裁判所、駅に公共的な強さを与える。","cues":["入口と窓をまとめる幅広く深い半円アーチ","粗面の石と色の違う石帯を重ねた厚い壁","円錐屋根を載せた非対称の塔と、低く横へ伸びる輪郭","奥へ段階的に後退する窓と、柱頭や迫石に限った彫刻"],"intents":["信頼","高級","静けさ"],"pair":["romanesque","gothic-revival"],"study":["Henry Hobson Richardson and Trinity Church","National Park Service — Richardsonian Romanesque","round arches, rough-faced masonry and asymmetrical massing"],"works":["図書館、学校、庁舎のような公共建築へ、装飾より素材の重量で信頼を与えるとき","ホテルや店舗の入口を一つの大きなアーチへまとめ、奥行きと庇護感をつくるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"名称は幅のあるセリフ体で迫石の帯へ収め、石目地より細い装飾線を増やさない。","layout":"低い水平の本体へ大小の半円アーチをまとめ、片側に一つだけ塔を立てる。開口は壁の厚みが見える位置まで深く引く。","material":"粗面の砂岩または花崗岩を大きな塊で積み、迫石と水平帯だけ色や仕上げを変え、木と暗い金属を奥へ置く。"},"avoid":"半円アーチだけでロマネスク風にしない。古代や中世の再現ではなく、米国の公共建築に合わせて石の量塊、非対称性、深い開口を再編した様式として区別する。","colors":["#8B6250","#B69B78","#252322"],"motif":"architecture","collection":"Dictionary expansion 46","addedAt":"2026-08-23","source":{"title":"National Park Service — Religious Architecture of Charleston","url":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/religious-architecture-of-charleston.htm"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.nps.gov/articles/religious-architecture-of-charleston.htm","credit":"National Park Service — Religious Architecture of Charleston"},"en":{"essence":"A late-nineteenth-century American architectural style in which H. H. Richardson recast medieval Romanesque round arches as rough masonry, deep openings, asymmetrical towers and low-spreading masses. Rather than surface decoration, stone weight, shadow depth and broad arches grouping entrances gave churches, libraries, courthouses and stations their public force.","cues":["Broad, deeply recessed round arches grouping entrances and windows","Thick rough-faced masonry crossed by bands of contrasting stone","Asymmetrical towers with conical roofs above a low horizontal silhouette","Openings stepping back into the wall, with carving confined to capitals and voussoirs"],"works":["Giving libraries, schools or civic buildings trust through material weight instead of applied ornament","Gathering a hotel or shop entrance into one large arch to create depth and shelter"],"recipe":{"type":"Fit a broad serif title into a voussoir band and do not add ornamental lines finer than the stone joints.","layout":"Group round arches of different sizes into a low horizontal body, add one tower to one side, and pull openings deep enough to reveal wall thickness.","material":"Lay large blocks of rough sandstone or granite, changing color or finish only at arch stones and horizontal bands, with dark timber and metal set farther back."},"avoid":"A round arch alone is not Richardsonian Romanesque. Distinguish it from an ancient or medieval reconstruction through its American civic program, rough massing, asymmetry and deeply recessed openings.","study":["Henry Hobson Richardson and Trinity Church","National Park Service — Richardsonian Romanesque","round arches, rough-faced masonry and asymmetrical massing"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}