{"id":"realism","no":616,"name":"Realism","ja":"写実主義","era":"c. 1840s–1880s","family":"具象絵画","kind":"スタイル","essence":"神話、理想化、劇的な英雄物語より、同時代の労働者、農民、都市生活、見慣れた場所を大画面と物質感のある描写へ持ち込み、何を重要な主題とみなすかを社会的に組み替えた19世紀の様式。","cues":["同時代の労働、農村、都市の日常を扱う主題","理想化しない身体、衣服、道具の具体性","歴史画に使われた大画面を普通の人々へ与える","土、布、石、肌を重く見せる抑えた色と絵肌"],"intents":["信頼","反骨","親密"],"sourceTitle":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art — Nineteenth-Century French Realism","sourceUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/nineteenth-century-french-realism","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gustave%20Courbet%20018.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gustave%20Courbet%20018.jpg","credit":"ギュスターヴ・クールベ『石割り人夫』— Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}],"pair":["romanticism","naturalism"],"study":["Nineteenth-century French Realism","contemporary life and anti-idealization","Courbet, Millet and Daumier"],"works":["普通の人の労働と生活を、脇役ではなく中心的な主題として扱うとき","華美な英雄化を避け、物、身体、場所の重さから社会を見せるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"見出しは誇張を抑え、人物名、場所、職業、時刻の具体的な情報を優先する。","layout":"日常の人物を画面の中心と大きな尺度へ置き、作業姿勢と周囲の物から生活条件を読ませる。","material":"土色、煤けた黒、鈍い青を厚い絵肌で置き、衣服や手の摩耗を美化せず残す。"},"avoid":"写真のように細密であることだけを写実主義と呼ばない。主題の選択と理想化への拒否がなければ、単なる描写技法で終わる。","colors":["#6F5B43","#3E4945","#B49A70"],"motif":"portrait","collection":"Dictionary expansion 33","addedAt":"2026-08-22","source":{"title":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art — Nineteenth-Century French Realism","url":"https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/nineteenth-century-french-realism"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/de/essays/nineteenth-century-french-realism","credit":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art — Nineteenth-Century French Realism","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gustave%20Courbet%20018.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gustave%20Courbet%20018.jpg","credit":"ギュスターヴ・クールベ『石割り人夫』— Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"en":{"essence":"Nineteenth-century Realism replaced myth, idealization and heroic drama with contemporary workers, peasants, urban life and familiar places, changing which subjects could occupy serious large-scale art.","cues":["Contemporary labor, rural life and urban daily subjects","Bodies, clothes and tools shown without idealization","Large formats traditionally reserved for history given to ordinary people","Restrained color and substantial surfaces for earth, fabric, stone and skin"],"works":["Making ordinary labor and life a central rather than supporting subject","Showing society through the weight of objects, bodies and places without heroic polish"],"recipe":{"type":"Restrain headline drama and prioritize specific names, places, work and time.","layout":"Give everyday people the center and a serious scale, letting working posture and surrounding objects reveal living conditions.","material":"Use earth, sooty black and muted blue with palpable paint, leaving wear in hands and clothing visible."},"avoid":"Photographic detail alone is not Realism. Without its choice of subject and refusal of idealization, it becomes only a rendering technique.","study":["Nineteenth-century French Realism","Contemporary life and anti-idealization","Courbet, Millet and Daumier"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}