{"id":"pre-raphaelite","no":495,"name":"Pre-Raphaelite","ja":"ラファエル前派","era":"1848–1900s","family":"世紀末芸術","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 25","addedAt":"2026-08-19","source":{"title":"Tate — Art Terms: Pre-Raphaelite","url":"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/pre-raphaelite"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/p/pre-raphaelite","credit":"Tate — Art Terms: Pre-Raphaelite","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John%20Everett%20Millais%20-%20Ophelia%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John%20Everett%20Millais%20-%20Ophelia%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg","credit":"ジョン・エヴァレット・ミレイ《オフィーリア》1852 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Holman%20Hunt%20-%20The%20Awakening%20Conscience%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William%20Holman%20Hunt%20-%20The%20Awakening%20Conscience%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg","credit":"ウィリアム・ホルマン・ハント《良心の目覚め》1853 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dante%20Gabriel%20Rossetti%20-%20Proserpine%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dante%20Gabriel%20Rossetti%20-%20Proserpine%20-%20Google%20Art%20Project.jpg","credit":"ダンテ・ゲイブリエル・ロセッティ《プロセルピナ》1874 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"ラファエロ以後の型を捨て、初期ルネサンスの明快さへ戻ろうとした英国の同盟。白地に透明な絵具を重ねる技法で色が異様に冴え、細部を等しく描き込むため、どこにも視線の逃げ場がない。","cues":["白地から起こす鮮烈な色","隅々まで等しい描写密度","中世と文学の主題","自然物の植物学的な正確さ"],"intents":["親密","高級","懐かしさ"],"works":["密度で圧倒する画面をつくる","物語を細部の象徴で語らせる"],"recipe":{"type":"中世写本を引いた装飾的な書体を、本文には使わない","layout":"余白を作らず、画面全体に密度を配る","material":"白い下地の上に透明な色を重ね、彩度を上げる"},"avoid":"中世趣味の記号を集めるだけでは骨董になる。描写の密度が主題と噛み合う必要がある。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"graphic","pair":["arts-and-crafts","art-nouveau"],"study":["1848年の同盟結成とPRBの署名","ラスキンによる擁護","ウィリアム・モリスとの連続"],"en":{"essence":"An English brotherhood that discarded the formulas established after Raphael and tried to return to the clarity of the early Renaissance. Transparent paint over a white ground made the color uncannily sharp, and because every detail is worked to the same degree, the eye has nowhere to rest.","cues":["Brilliant color raised from a white ground","Equal density of description in every corner","Medieval and literary subjects","Botanical accuracy in natural things"],"works":["Making an image that overwhelms by density","Letting detail carry the story as symbol"],"recipe":{"type":"Decorative faces drawn from medieval manuscripts, never for body text.","layout":"Leave no empty margin and spread density across the whole surface.","material":"Lay transparent color over a white ground to raise the saturation."},"avoid":"Collecting medievalist signs only yields an antique. The density of description has to engage with the subject.","study":["The founding of the brotherhood in 1848 and the PRB signature","Ruskin's defense","The continuity with William Morris"]}}