{"id":"posada-calavera","no":253,"name":"Posada's Calaveras","ja":"ポサダのカラベラ","era":"1880s–1913","family":"民衆版画","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 14","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"MoMA — José Guadalupe Posada","url":"https://www.moma.org/artists/4694"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/artists/4694","credit":"MoMA — José Guadalupe Posada","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La-Calavera-Catrina-Web.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La-Calavera-Catrina-Web.jpg","credit":"ポサダ『ラ・カラベラ・カトリーナ』1910頃 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Esta%20es%20de%20Don%20Quijote%20la%20primera%2C%20la%20sin%20par%20la%20gigante%20calavera%20LCCN99615945.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Esta%20es%20de%20Don%20Quijote%20la%20primera%2C%20la%20sin%20par%20la%20gigante%20calavera%20LCCN99615945.jpg","credit":"『ドン・キホーテのカラベラ』（米国議会図書館） — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La%20calavera%20del%20editor%20popular%20Antonio%20Vanegas%20Arroyo%20LCCN99615950.tif?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La%20calavera%20del%20editor%20popular%20Antonio%20Vanegas%20Arroyo%20LCCN99615950.tif","credit":"ホセ・グアダルーペ・ポサダ《出版人バネガス・アローヨのカラベラ》瓦版 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"メキシコの版画家ポサダが安価な瓦版に刻んだ骸骨（カラベラ）の風刺画。着飾った骸骨が階級も死も笑い飛ばし、『カトリーナ』は死者の日とメキシコのグラフィックの国民的図像になった。","cues":["骸骨の擬人化","亜鉛凸版の荒い線","瓦版の文字組との同居","死を笑う風刺"],"intents":["反骨","遊び","懐かしさ"],"works":["権力や時事を笑いで刺す風刺画と、新聞や雑誌の論説の挿絵","死を明るく扱う祭りの告知や、その関連商品の図柄の設計"],"recipe":{"type":"見出しは瓦版の活字組みのまま、絵の上下に詰めて置く","layout":"骸骨の群像を横に連ね、身分が分かる帽子と衣裳で並べ分ける","material":"亜鉛版の荒い線を粗い紙に刷り、黒一色のまま裁ち落とす"},"avoid":"骸骨を単に怖い意匠として使うと、階級を笑い飛ばす風刺の刃が消え、季節の装飾と区別がつかなくなる。","colors":["#f3e1d1","#e7b68e","#2e1911"],"motif":"graphic","pair":["mexican-muralism","epinal-print"],"study":["ホセ・グアダルーペ・ポサダ","バネガス・アロヨ出版","リベラによる再発見"],"en":{"essence":"The skeleton satires Posada engraved for Mexican broadsides: dressed-up calaveras laughing at class and death alike. La Catrina became a national icon of the Day of the Dead and Mexican graphics.","cues":["Personified skeletons","Rough zinc-etched lines","Sharing the sheet with broadside type","Satire that laughs at death"],"works":["Satirical drawing that needles power and the news for papers and magazines","Festival announcements and goods that treat death as an occasion for laughter"],"recipe":{"type":"Headlines set as broadside type, packed above and below the image","layout":"Crowds of skeletons ranged across, sorted by the hats and dress of rank","material":"Rough zinc-etched line printed black on coarse paper, trimmed close"},"avoid":"Using the skeleton as a merely spooky motif blunts the satire that laughed at class, and the result becomes indistinguishable from seasonal decoration.","study":["José Guadalupe Posada","the Vanegas Arroyo press","Rivera's rediscovery"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/posada-calavera","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/posada-calavera","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/posada-calavera/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/posada-calavera/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}