{"id":"pictorialism","no":94,"name":"Pictorialism","ja":"ピクトリアリズム","era":"late-1800s–c.1914","family":"写真運動","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 05","addedAt":"2026-08-17","source":{"title":"MoMA — Pictorialism","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/pictorialism"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/pictorialism","credit":"MoMA — Pictorialism","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ThePondMoonlight.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ThePondMoonlight.jpg","credit":"スタイケン『池 — 月光』1904 / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nu%20drap%C3%A9%20voile%20bleu%20cropped%20R.%20Demachy%20ca%201907-15.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nu%20drap%C3%A9%20voile%20bleu%20cropped%20R.%20Demachy%20ca%201907-15.jpg","credit":"ドゥマシー 1907–15頃 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Steichen%20flatiron.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steichen%20flatiron.jpg","credit":"スタイケン『フラットアイアン』1904 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"柔らかな焦点、演出された場面、手作業の印画によって、写真を絵画と同等の芸術として提示した。","cues":["ソフトフォーカス","霧と逆光","絵画的構図","手仕事の印画"],"intents":["親密","高級","静けさ"],"works":["肖像を、記録ではなく雰囲気のある一枚として仕上げたいとき","風景を、印画の手仕事まで含めて作品として売るとき"],"recipe":{"type":"題名と署名を印画の余白に手で入れ、活字を画面へ載せない","layout":"主題を中央から少し外し、明部を一箇所に集めて周囲を沈める","material":"柔らかい焦点、逆光の霧、手で塗る印画。紙の質感を残す"},"avoid":"ぼかしを後から一律にかけると、光を追った跡が残らず、単に焦点の合っていない写真になる","colors":["#d6c7aa","#897562","#3d342c"],"motif":"photo","pair":["victorian-ornament","art-nouveau"],"study":["Alfred Stieglitz","Edward Steichen","Clarence H. White"],"en":{"essence":"Presented photography as art equal to painting, through soft focus, staged scenes and handworked prints.","cues":["Soft focus","Mist and backlight","Painterly composition","Handcrafted prints"],"works":["Portraits meant to be atmospheric pictures rather than records","Landscapes sold as works, with the handmade print part of the value"],"recipe":{"type":"Title and sign by hand in the print margin, never on the image","layout":"Move the subject off center, gather the light in one area, sink the rest","material":"Soft focus, backlit mist, hand coated printing that keeps the paper texture"},"avoid":"Applying blur uniformly afterwards leaves no trace of anyone following the light, and the result is simply a photograph out of focus.","study":["Alfred Stieglitz","Edward Steichen","Clarence H. White"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/pictorialism","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/pictorialism","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/pictorialism/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/pictorialism/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}