{"id":"photogram","no":110,"name":"Photogram","ja":"フォトグラム","era":"1830s– / avant-garde revival","family":"写真技法","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 05","addedAt":"2026-08-17","source":{"title":"MoMA — Photogram","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/photogram"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/photogram","credit":"MoMA — Photogram","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photogram%20by%20L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Moholy-Nagy%2C%20(fgm%20422)%2C%201923.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photogram%20by%20L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Moholy-Nagy%2C%20(fgm%20422)%2C%201923.jpg","credit":"モホリ＝ナジのフォトグラム 1923"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anna%20Atkins%2C%20Ferns.%20Specimen%20of%20Cyanotype%2C%201840s%2C%20NGA%20136477.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anna%20Atkins%2C%20Ferns.%20Specimen%20of%20Cyanotype%2C%201840s%2C%20NGA%20136477.jpg","credit":"アナ・アトキンス シダのサイアノタイプ 1840年代"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MOHOLY%20NAGY%2041%20479%20KT.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOHOLY%20NAGY%2041%20479%20KT.jpg","credit":"モホリ＝ナジのフォトグラム"}]},"essence":"カメラを使わず、感光面へ物体を直接置いて光を当て、輪郭・透明度・距離を像にする。","cues":["カメラレス","物体の輪郭","明暗反転","接触と距離"],"intents":["技術","静けさ","遊び"],"works":["歴史的な作例と成立条件を比較する","現代の媒体へ移す際に残す原理を見極める"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字と画面構成を観察する","layout":"視線を導く主要原理を一つ抽出する","material":"技法固有の素材・工程・支持体を確認する"},"avoid":"白黒の抽象画像一般と混同せず、感光面と物体と光の関係を確認する。","colors":["#f0eee5","#73777a","#111315"],"motif":"photo","pair":["cyanotype","dada"],"study":["Anna Atkins","Man Ray","László Moholy-Nagy"],"en":{"essence":"Makes images without a camera: objects laid on the sensitive surface, exposed to light — contour, transparency and distance become the picture.","cues":["Cameraless","Object contours","Reversed values","Contact and distance"],"works":["Comparing historical works and their conditions","Deciding which principles survive translation to today's media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the type and composition of reference works","layout":"Extract the one principle that steers the eye","material":"Verify the technique's own materials, process and support"},"avoid":"Not just any black-and-white abstraction. Verify the relation of surface, object and light.","study":["Anna Atkins","Man Ray","László Moholy-Nagy"]}}