{"id":"photogram","no":92,"name":"Photogram","ja":"フォトグラム","era":"1830s– / avant-garde revival","family":"写真技法","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 05","addedAt":"2026-08-17","source":{"title":"MoMA — Photogram","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/photogram"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/photogram","credit":"MoMA — Photogram","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Photogram%20by%20L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Moholy-Nagy%2C%20(fgm%20422)%2C%201923.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photogram%20by%20L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Moholy-Nagy%2C%20(fgm%20422)%2C%201923.jpg","credit":"モホリ＝ナジのフォトグラム 1923 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anna%20Atkins%2C%20Ferns.%20Specimen%20of%20Cyanotype%2C%201840s%2C%20NGA%20136477.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anna%20Atkins%2C%20Ferns.%20Specimen%20of%20Cyanotype%2C%201840s%2C%20NGA%20136477.jpg","credit":"アナ・アトキンス シダのサイアノタイプ 1840年代 — Wikimedia Commons / CC0"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MOHOLY%20NAGY%2041%20479%20KT.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOHOLY%20NAGY%2041%20479%20KT.jpg","credit":"モホリ＝ナジのフォトグラム — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"カメラを使わず、感光面へ物体を直接置いて光を当て、輪郭・透明度・距離を像にする。","cues":["カメラレス","物体の輪郭","明暗反転","接触と距離"],"intents":["技術","静けさ","遊び"],"works":["透明度や厚みの違う小さな物を、輪郭と濃淡だけで記録するとき","カメラを使わずに、光の実験そのものを見せる作品のとき"],"recipe":{"type":"文字を作るなら切り抜いた型を置き、光で焼いて反転のまま残す","layout":"感光面の縁を構図の枠とし、物を触れさせるか浮かせるかで決める","material":"印画紙、光源の高さ、露光時間。距離を変えて輪郭の硬さを操る"},"avoid":"白黒の抽象画像一般とは別物であり、珍しい物を並べただけでは影の記録に終わる。感光面と物体の距離や透明度が像を作る。","colors":["#f0eee5","#73777a","#111315"],"motif":"photo","pair":["cyanotype","dada"],"study":["Anna Atkins","Man Ray","László Moholy-Nagy"],"en":{"essence":"No camera is involved. Objects laid on the sensitive surface and exposed to light turn contour, transparency and distance into the picture.","cues":["Cameraless","Object contours","Reversed values","Contact and distance"],"works":["Recording small objects of differing transparency by contour and tone alone","Work that shows the experiment with light itself, without a camera"],"recipe":{"type":"For letters, lay cut stencils on the paper and leave them reversed","layout":"Treat the sheet edge as the frame and choose contact or a gap","material":"Photo paper, lamp height, exposure time, distance controlling edge hardness"},"avoid":"This is not black and white abstraction in general. Merely arranging unusual objects records only shadows, while transparency and distance from the sensitized surface are what make the image.","study":["Anna Atkins","Man Ray","László Moholy-Nagy"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/photogram","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/photogram","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/photogram/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/photogram/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}