{"id":"one-bit-icon","no":534,"name":"1-Bit Icon Design","ja":"1ビットアイコン","era":"1982–1990s","family":"UI表現","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 26","addedAt":"2026-08-19","source":{"title":"The Museum of Modern Art — Susan Kare, \"Apple Macintosh OS icon sketchbook\", 1982（MoMA / SFMOMA 共同収蔵）","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/works/188382"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/works/188382","credit":"The Museum of Modern Art — Susan Kare, \"Apple Macintosh OS icon sketchbook\", 1982（MoMA / SFMOMA 共同収蔵）","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/System%202.png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System%202.png","credit":"Macintosh System 2 のデスクトップ画面 — Wikimedia Commons / CC0"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bill%20Atkinson%E2%80%94creator%20of%20MacPaint%E2%80%94painted%20in%20MacPaint.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill%20Atkinson%E2%80%94creator%20of%20MacPaint%E2%80%94painted%20in%20MacPaint.jpg","credit":"Kyra Ocean《MacPaint に描かれた Bill Atkinson の肖像》2013 — Wikimedia Commons / CC BY 2.0"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sad%20mac.png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sad%20mac.png","credit":"Susan Kare《Sad Mac》— Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"Susan Kare が Macintosh のために確立した、白と黒の二値だけで描くアイコンの作法。方眼紙の一マスを一ピクセルとして下絵を起こし、はさみが切り取り、ごみ箱が削除を指すように、日用品の輪郭で命令を言い換える。その原画帳は美術館の収蔵品になった。","cues":["白と黒の二値しか使わず、灰色は市松に間引いた点の集まりで代用される","輪郭が1ピクセルの線で閉じられ、内側は塗りつぶしか網点かのどちらかしかない","はさみ、ごみ箱、書類といったありふれた物の輪郭が、そのまま操作の名前になっている","方眼の一マスずつ点を置いた跡が残り、斜めの線は階段状に折れる"],"intents":["親密","遊び","技術"],"works":["文字を添えずに操作を示す小さな絵記号を、どの言語圏でも同じ意味で読ませたいとき","拡大も補間もできない小さな枠の中で、輪郭の形だけで見分けをつけたいとき"],"recipe":{"type":"絵の中に文字を入れず、名札は絵の外の行へ出す。添える書体も同じ枡目のビットマップにそろえ、斜体や飾りを持ち込まない。","layout":"方眼を先に引き、その一マスを一ピクセルとして下絵を起こす。輪郭を閉じてから内側を決め、枠の縁には一マスぶんの余白を残す。","material":"色は黒と白の二つだけにする。中間の明るさが要るときは点を市松に間引いて作り、灰色そのものは持ち込まない。斜めの線は階段のまま残し、ならさない。"},"avoid":"灰色や中間色を足して階調を増やすと、二値でしか成立しない輪郭の強さが失われ、小さく置いたときに形そのものが読めなくなる。","colors":["#000000","#FFFFFF","#808080"],"motif":"graphic","pair":["pictogram-system","pixel-art"],"study":["MoMA と SFMOMA が共同で収蔵した Kare の原画帳の記録","日用品で命令を言い換えるという発想が、どこまで説明なしに通じたか","二値の市松で中間調を作る網点の使い分けと、その限界"],"en":{"essence":"The way of drawing icons in nothing but black and white that Susan Kare established for the Macintosh. She worked each design out on graph paper with one square standing for one pixel, and restated commands as ordinary objects, a pair of scissors for cutting and a bin for deleting, so the set could be read without a caption in any country. Her sketchbook now sits in a museum collection.","cues":["Two values only, black and white, with gray standing in as a checkerboard of alternating dots","A one pixel outline closing each shape, and an interior that is either solid or dotted, never shaded","Ordinary objects, scissors, a bin, a sheet of paper, standing in as the names of commands","Visible traces of one dot placed per grid square, so diagonals break into steps"],"works":["Making small pictorial signs stand for commands with no caption, and read the same way in any language","Getting shapes to stay distinguishable inside a small frame that cannot be scaled or smoothed"],"recipe":{"type":"Keep letters out of the picture and put the label on a separate line outside it. Any type alongside sits on the same bitmap grid, with no italics and no ornament.","layout":"Rule the grid first and draw with one square standing for one pixel. Close the outline before deciding the interior, and leave one square of clearance inside the frame.","material":"Two colours only, black and white. When a middle brightness is needed, build it by thinning the dots into a checkerboard rather than introducing gray. Leave diagonals as steps and do not smooth them."},"avoid":"Adding gray or midtones to widen the range costs you the hard outline that only two values can produce, and the shape stops being legible at the size it is actually used.","study":["MoMA と SFMOMA が共同で収蔵した Kare の原画帳の記録","日用品で命令を言い換えるという発想が、どこまで説明なしに通じたか","二値の市松で中間調を作る網点の使い分けと、その限界"]}}