{"id":"naturalism","no":617,"name":"Naturalism","ja":"自然主義美術","era":"c. 1870s–1900","family":"具象絵画","kind":"スタイル","essence":"写実主義の同時代性を引き継ぎながら、観察、環境、遺伝、労働条件が人物の行動と身体をどう形づくるかを、戸外光、細部、因果関係の読める場面として記録しようとした19世紀後半の国際的な傾向。","cues":["農村、労働、家庭を具体的な環境条件とともに描く","戸外光と天候を観察した抑制的な色調","道具、地面、衣服の細部が生活条件を説明する","劇的な瞬間より行為の途中を切り取る場面"],"intents":["信頼","親密","静けさ"],"sourceTitle":"Musée d'Orsay — Réalisme et naturalisme","sourceUrl":"https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/node/52","pair":["realism","academic-art"],"study":["Naturalism in nineteenth-century art","environment, labor and close observation","Bastien-Lepage and the international Naturalist tendency"],"works":["人物と環境を切り離さず、暮らしの条件が身体へ及ぼす影響を見せるとき","劇的な物語化を避け、戸外で観察した光と作業の途中を再構成するとき"],"recipe":{"type":"題名やキャプションには場所、季節、作業を具体的に記し、感傷的な形容で人物を代弁しない。","layout":"人物を環境の中へ同じ密度で置き、道具、地面、植生、天候が行為の理由として読めるようにする。","material":"灰色を含む自然光の色域で肌、土、布を細かく観察し、劇的な明暗や英雄的な輪郭を抑える。"},"avoid":"精密な自然描写一般ではない。Realismとの差は、環境や条件を因果として観察する姿勢にあり、Academic Artの磨かれた理想化とも分ける。","colors":["#8A8265","#5A6B59","#B8A58B"],"motif":"landscape","collection":"Dictionary expansion 33","addedAt":"2026-08-22","source":{"title":"Musée d'Orsay — Réalisme et naturalisme","url":"https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/node/52"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/node/52","credit":"Musée d'Orsay — Réalisme et naturalisme"},"en":{"essence":"Naturalism extended Realism's contemporaneity through close observation of how environment, heredity and working conditions shape bodies and behavior, often using outdoor light and causally legible detail.","cues":["Rural, labor and domestic subjects embedded in concrete conditions","Restrained outdoor light and observed weather","Tools, ground and clothing explaining living circumstances","Action caught in progress rather than a theatrical climax"],"works":["Showing how living conditions act on people without separating figure from environment","Reconstructing observed light and work in progress without theatrical storytelling"],"recipe":{"type":"Name location, season and work specifically, avoiding sentimental adjectives that speak for the subject.","layout":"Give figure and environment equal density so tools, ground, vegetation and weather explain the action.","material":"Observe skin, earth and cloth within gray-inflected daylight, restraining heroic contour and dramatic contrast."},"avoid":"This is not precise nature painting in general. Its distinction from Realism is causal attention to conditions, and from Academic Art a refusal of polished idealization.","study":["Naturalism in nineteenth-century art","Environment, labor and close observation","Bastien-Lepage and the international Naturalist tendency"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}