{"id":"kufic","no":182,"name":"Kufic","ja":"クーフィー体","era":"8th century onward","family":"書の伝統","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 10","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Aga Khan Museum, Collection","url":"https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/collection"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.agakhanmuseum.org/collection","credit":"Aga Khan Museum, Collection","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Folio%20from%20a%20Koran%20(8th-9th%20century).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Folio%20from%20a%20Koran%20(8th-9th%20century).jpg","credit":"クーフィー体のクルアーン写本 8–9世紀 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arabic%20prayer%20-%20Thuluth%20script.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arabic%20prayer%20-%20Thuluth%20script.jpg","credit":"スルス体の祈祷文 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tughra%20Suleiman.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tughra%20Suleiman.jpg","credit":"スレイマン1世のトゥグラ（花押）16世紀 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"縦画を短く、横画を長く伸ばし、直線と直角で組んだ字を同じ高さの帯として並べる。","cues":["長く伸びる水平の線","短く角ばった縦画","直角で折れる字形","高さのそろった帯状の行"],"intents":["高級","静けさ","信頼"],"works":["建築の壁や器物に、銘文を帯として刻み込むとき","角ばった字形をそのまま図形として使い、遠くから読ませる題字や標章をつくるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"縦画と横画の比を先に決め、折れをすべて直角にそろえる","layout":"行の上端と下端をそろえ、縦画の間隔を一定にして帯として並べる","material":"石や煉瓦、タイルに彫り、写本では葦ペンで画の太さを一定に保つ"},"avoid":"直角の形だけを真似て字の連結を切ると、帯の装飾には見えても語として読めなくなる。","colors":["#ddd0b2","#3b5398","#3f3028"],"motif":"archive","pair":["islamic-geometric-pattern","calligram"],"study":["イブン・ムクラの比例理論","六書体の系譜","トゥグラと公文書の意匠"],"en":{"essence":"Keeps the uprights short and draws the horizontals long, massing letters of straight strokes and right angles into a band of even height.","cues":["Horizontals drawn long","Short angular uprights","Letters turning at right angles","Lines massed into an even band"],"works":["Cutting an inscription into a wall or a vessel as a band","Using the angular letterforms as figure, for titling and marks meant to be read from a distance"],"recipe":{"type":"Fix the ratio of upright to horizontal first, and turn every corner at a right angle","layout":"Align the top and the foot of the line, space the uprights evenly, and run the letters as a band","material":"Cut into stone, brick and tile, and on parchment hold the stroke to an even weight with the reed pen"},"avoid":"Copying only the right angles while breaking the joins between letters leaves an ornamental band that no longer reads as a word.","study":["Ibn Muqla's proportional theory","the Six Scripts","the tughra and official documents"]}}