{"id":"hanafuda","no":373,"name":"Hanafuda","ja":"花札","era":"18th century–","family":"遊戯とゲームの意匠","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 18","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"ニンテンドーミュージアム","url":"https://museum.nintendo.com/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://museum.nintendo.com/","credit":"ニンテンドーミュージアム","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/YUL%20Hanafuda%20playing%20cards%20c.%201870%20-%2001.tif?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YUL%20Hanafuda%20playing%20cards%20c.%201870%20-%2001.tif","credit":"花札 1870年頃"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/YUL%20Hanafuda%20playing%20cards%20c.%201870%20-%2002.tif?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YUL%20Hanafuda%20playing%20cards%20c.%201870%20-%2002.tif","credit":"花札の図案 1870年頃"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hanafuda%20Koi-Koi%20Setup%201.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanafuda%20Koi-Koi%20Setup%201.jpg","credit":"こいこいの場（CC BY 2.0）"}]},"essence":"12ヶ月の花鳥風月を48枚に圧縮した日本のカード。黒地に平面色の大胆な図案化は、禁令をくぐる変形の歴史が生んだ意匠で、任天堂の出発点でもある。","cues":["月ごとの花鳥図案","黒縁と平面色","極端な単純化","短冊と動物の役"],"intents":["遊び","懐かしさ","高揚"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"ephemera","pair":["playing-card","e-sugoroku"],"study":["かるた禁令と変形の歴史","任天堂の花札製造","地方札の意匠差"],"en":{"essence":"Japan's cards compressing twelve months of flowers, birds, wind and moon into 48 sheets. The bold flat-color stylization on black borders grew from a history of dodging bans — and was Nintendo's starting point.","cues":["Monthly flower-and-bird designs","Black borders, flat color","Extreme simplification","Ribbon and animal combinations"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["the karuta bans and mutations","Nintendo's hanafuda manufacture","regional pattern variants"]}}