{"id":"grapus","no":285,"name":"Grapus","ja":"グラピュス","era":"1970–1991","family":"地域別グラフィック","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 14","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Bröhan Museum — Grapus","url":"https://www.broehan-museum.de/en/exhibition/grapus-a-french-collective-of-graphic-designers/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.broehan-museum.de/en/exhibition/grapus-a-french-collective-of-graphic-designers/","credit":"Bröhan Museum — Grapus"},"essence":"68年5月の学生運動から生まれたフランスの集団。手描き文字、飛沫、写真への落書きで、政治・劇場・自治体のポスターに祝祭的な荒々しさを持ち込み、洗練への抵抗を様式にした。","cues":["手描きの荒い文字","飛沫と落書き","写真への介入","集団制作の匿名性"],"intents":["反骨","遊び","高揚"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"graphic","pair":["polish-poster","punk"],"study":["ピエール・ベルナール","ヴァルシャヴァ・ポスター派からの学び","解散後のAtelier de Création Graphique"],"en":{"essence":"The French collective born of May '68: hand-scrawled letters, splatters and graffiti over photographs brought festive roughness to posters for politics, theater and city halls — resistance to polish made into a style.","cues":["Rough hand-drawn lettering","Splatter and graffiti","Interventions on photographs","Anonymous collective authorship"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Pierre Bernard","lessons from the Polish poster school","the later Atelier de Création Graphique"]}}