{"id":"dithering","no":585,"name":"Dithering","ja":"ディザリング","era":"1960s–","family":"デジタル画像技法","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 31","addedAt":"2026-08-22","source":{"title":"Floyd and Steinberg — An Adaptive Algorithm for Spatial Greyscale","url":"https://isgwww.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~stefans/npr/entry-Floyd-1976-AAS.html"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://isgwww.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/~stefans/npr/entry-Floyd-1976-AAS.html","credit":"Floyd and Steinberg — An Adaptive Algorithm for Spatial Greyscale"},"essence":"表示できない中間色を、限られた色の画素を空間的に混ぜて知覚させる量子化技法。規則的な行列または誤差拡散が、色数の少ない画面へ階調と固有の粒状感を同時に作る。","cues":["二色以上の画素が市松状または粒状に混ざる","明暗境界へ拡散する高周波の点","限られたパレットのまま見える擬似階調","拡大時には規則、通常視距離では中間色に見える"],"intents":["技術","懐かしさ","遊び"],"works":["少ない色数の画面や電子ペーパーで写真の階調を保つとき","初期コンピュータ画像の粒子を意図的なデジタル材質として使うとき"],"recipe":{"type":"小寸法で潰れないビットマップまたは単純なサンセリフを使う。","layout":"大きな階調面を作り、輪郭と文字の周囲だけ誤差拡散を制御して可読性を残す。","material":"先にパレットを固定し、量子化誤差を隣接画素へ一定比率で渡すか、閾値行列で点を配置する。"},"avoid":"画像へ白黒ノイズを足すだけではディザリングにならない。限られた色で元の明度を近似する役割を保つ。","colors":["#F2F0E8","#6E65A8","#141414"],"motif":"digital","pair":["pixel-art","halftone"],"study":["Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion","ordered dithering","limited color displays"],"en":{"essence":"Dithering suggests unavailable intermediate colors by spatially mixing pixels from a limited palette; ordered matrices or error diffusion make both tone and a distinctive granular surface.","cues":["Two or more pixel colors mixed as checks or grain","High-frequency dots spreading around tonal boundaries","Apparent gradients made from a fixed palette","A pattern up close that becomes an intermediate color at normal distance"],"works":["Preserving photographic tone on low-color displays and e-paper","Using the grain of early computer images as deliberate digital material"],"recipe":{"type":"Use bitmap or simple sans type that remains intact at low resolution.","layout":"Build broad tonal fields but control diffusion around contours and copy.","material":"Fix the palette first, then pass quantization error to neighboring pixels or place dots with a threshold matrix."},"avoid":"Adding monochrome noise is not dithering. The limited colors must approximate the source value.","study":["Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion","Ordered dithering","Limited color displays"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}