{"id":"direct-cinema","no":679,"name":"Direct Cinema","ja":"ダイレクト・シネマ","sourceSlug":"direct-cinema","era":"late 1950s–1970s","family":"映画の視覚様式","kind":"スタイル","essence":"軽量カメラと同期録音を使い、少人数の撮影者が場へ介入せず、出来事が展開する時間を追うドキュメンタリー映画様式。説明ナレーション、再演、過剰な照明を抑え、手持ちの距離、現場音、長い観察で関係を見せる。","cues":["肩や手で追う小さな揺れと、その場で決まる構図","現場音を中心にし、説明ナレーションと音楽を抑える","インタビュー用の正面セットより、行動中の人物を観察する","出来事の前後を残す長めのショットと不均一な露出"],"intents":["信頼","親密","反骨"],"pair":["italian-neorealism","french-new-wave"],"study":["Robert Drew, D. A. Pennebaker and the Maysles brothers","portable synchronous-sound equipment","Direct Cinema and cinéma vérité"],"works":["制度、仕事、舞台裏を、説明役を置かずに行動の連続から理解させる記録映像","人物の判断や関係が変わる瞬間を、現場音と観察時間から見せる作品"],"recipe":{"type":"説明字幕は人名、場所、日時に絞り、撮影者の結論を大見出しで先回りさせない。","layout":"軽量機材で人物と同じ高さを保ち、動作を途中で切らず、場の入口と出口を画面に残す。","material":"利用可能光、同期した現場音、手持ち撮影を基礎にし、揺れと露出を均一化しすぎない。"},"avoid":"隠し撮りや無説明が自動的に真実を保証するわけではない。撮影同意、弱い立場の保護、編集が作る因果を明示し、危険な場へ観察の名目で居続けない。","colors":["#D8D5CC","#5B5D5B","#242524"],"motif":"film","collection":"Dictionary expansion 38","addedAt":"2026-08-23","source":{"title":"MoMA — Direct Cinema","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/direct-cinema"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/direct-cinema","credit":"MoMA — Direct Cinema"},"en":{"essence":"A documentary-film style using lightweight cameras, synchronous sound, and small crews to follow events with minimal intervention. It restrains explanatory narration, reenactment, and excessive lighting so handheld distance, location sound, and observation reveal relationships.","cues":["Small handheld movement and in-the-moment framing","Location sound with restrained narration and music","People observed in action rather than seated in interview sets","Longer shots preserving before and after, with uneven exposure"],"works":["Understanding institutions, work, or backstage life through continuous action","Showing a decision or relationship changing through observation and location sound"],"recipe":{"type":"Limit captions to names, place, and date; do not announce the filmmaker's conclusion first.","layout":"Stay near the subject's eye level, preserve whole actions, and keep entrances and exits in frame.","material":"Build from available light, synchronous location sound, and handheld capture without polishing away every fluctuation."},"avoid":"Hidden capture and absent narration do not guarantee truth. Address consent, vulnerable subjects, editorial causality, and immediate danger explicitly.","study":["Robert Drew, D. A. Pennebaker and the Maysles brothers","portable synchronous-sound equipment","Direct Cinema and cinéma vérité"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}