{"id":"direct-animation","no":201,"name":"Direct Animation","ja":"ダイレクト・アニメーション","era":"1935–","family":"実験映画","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 11","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"NFB — Norman McLaren","url":"https://www.nfb.ca/directors/norman-mclaren/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.nfb.ca/directors/norman-mclaren/","credit":"NFB — Norman McLaren","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Norman%20McLaren%20drawing%20on%20film%20-%201944.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Norman%20McLaren%20drawing%20on%20film%20-%201944.jpg","credit":"フィルムに直接描くノーマン・マクラレン 1944 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"essence":"カメラを使わず、フィルムの表面へ直接描く・削る・貼ることで映像をつくる技法。素材としてのフィルムそのものが筆致とリズムになる。","cues":["フィルムへの手描き","引っかき傷","コマを無視した連続性","物質的な色斑"],"intents":["反骨","遊び","親密"],"works":["短い実験映像やタイトルで、素材そのものの物質感を前面に出すとき","音楽に合わせた抽象的な色と傷の連なりを、手で刻んでつくるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"文字は一コマずつ手で書き、位置のずれを残す","layout":"コマの枠を無視し、線を長さのある帯として引く","material":"透明部への直接彩色と、黒みへの引っかきを使い分ける"},"avoid":"フィルムの傷を一枚のデジタル素材として重ねるだけで、コマごとに変化しない張り付いた汚れになる。","colors":["#F4E7C4","#E34B36","#161313"],"motif":"motion","pair":["visual-music","photogram"],"study":["レン・ライ『A Colour Box』1935","ノーマン・マクラレン","スタン・ブラッケージ『Mothlight』"],"en":{"essence":"Images made without a camera, by drawing, scratching and pasting directly onto the filmstrip. The film stock itself becomes the brushstroke and the rhythm.","cues":["Hand-drawing on film","Scratched marks","Continuity that ignores frames","Physical blots of color"],"works":["Short experimental films and titles that put the material itself in front","Abstract runs of color and scratch cut by hand to a piece of music"],"recipe":{"type":"Write letters by hand one frame at a time and keep the drift","layout":"Ignore the frame line and pull marks as long continuous bands","material":"Paint onto clear stock, scratch into black, and switch between them"},"avoid":"Laying one scanned scratch texture over the footage so the dirt sits still instead of changing every single frame.","study":["Len Lye, A Colour Box (1935)","Norman McLaren","Stan Brakhage, Mothlight"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/direct-animation","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/direct-animation","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/direct-animation/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/direct-animation/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}