{"id":"direct-animation","no":227,"name":"Direct Animation","ja":"ダイレクト・アニメーション","era":"1935–","family":"実験映画","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 11","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"NFB — Norman McLaren","url":"https://www.nfb.ca/directors/norman-mclaren/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.nfb.ca/directors/norman-mclaren/","credit":"NFB — Norman McLaren","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Norman%20McLaren%20drawing%20on%20film%20-%201944.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Norman%20McLaren%20drawing%20on%20film%20-%201944.jpg","credit":"フィルムに直接描くノーマン・マクラレン 1944"}]},"essence":"カメラを使わず、フィルムの表面へ直接描く・削る・貼ることで映像をつくる技法。素材としてのフィルムそのものが筆致とリズムになる。","cues":["フィルムへの手描き","引っかき傷","コマを無視した連続性","物質的な色斑"],"intents":["反骨","遊び","親密"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"motion","pair":["visual-music","photogram"],"study":["レン・ライ『A Colour Box』1935","ノーマン・マクラレン","スタン・ブラッケージ『Mothlight』"],"en":{"essence":"Making film without a camera — drawing, scratching and pasting directly on the filmstrip, so the material itself becomes brushstroke and rhythm.","cues":["Hand-drawing on film","Scratched marks","Continuity that ignores frames","Physical blots of color"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Len Lye, A Colour Box (1935)","Norman McLaren","Stan Brakhage, Mothlight"]}}