{"id":"chicago-school","no":740,"name":"Chicago School","ja":"シカゴ派の商業建築","era":"1880s–early 1900s","family":"近現代建築","kind":"スタイル","source":{"title":"Chicago Architecture Center — Chicago Window / Reliance Building","url":"https://www.architecture.org/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/chicago-window"},"essence":"19世紀末のシカゴで高層の商業建築に現れた、骨組みの反復と大きな窓を外観へ表す建築言語。中央の大きな固定窓と両脇の開閉窓を組にするシカゴ窓が、採光と通風を担う。後のInternational Styleへ一括せず、テラコッタや入口の装飾を残しながら階の反復を明快に見せる初期高層建築として扱う。","cues":["大きな中央固定窓を細い開閉窓が左右から挟む","構造の柱と各階の帯が繰り返す外壁の格子","張り出した窓列と、広いガラスに対する細い壁面","明るいテラコッタや石と、入口周辺に集めた装飾"],"intents":["信頼","技術"],"pair":["international-style","richardsonian-romanesque"],"study":["Reliance Building — Charles B. Atwood / D. H. Burnham & Co.","Marquette Building — Holabird & Roche","Sullivan Center — Louis Sullivan"],"works":["都市や建築の展示で、高層建築の成立を窓と構造の反復から説明するとき","店舗や業務空間の外観を、明るさと規則的な階層で整理するとき"],"recipe":{"type":"案内文字は入口と階の位置へ揃え、建築の反復を覆う巨大な看板にしない。","layout":"大窓を三分割した単位を横へ並べ、縦の柱と階の帯を一貫して通す。","material":"広い透明ガラス、淡い焼き物の外装、暗い金属枠を組み、装飾の密度は入口に集中させる。"},"avoid":"格子状のガラス外壁なら何でもシカゴ派ではない。19世紀末の商業建築と、ミース以後のいわゆる第二シカゴ派や絵画のChicago Imagistsを区別する。","colors":["#E4DCCB","#83969A","#3C4141"],"motif":"grid","collection":"Dictionary expansion 48","addedAt":"2026-10-05","reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.architecture.org/online-resources/architecture-encyclopedia/chicago-window","credit":"Chicago Architecture Center — Chicago Window / Reliance Building","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reliance%20Building%2C%20Chicago%2C%20Illinois%20(November%202005).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reliance%20Building%2C%20Chicago%2C%20Illinois%20(November%202005).jpg","credit":"Reliance Building, Chicago — photo: Jay Carriker — Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reliance%20Building%2C%2032%20North%20State%20Street%2C%20Chicago%2C%20Cook%20County%2C%20IL%20HABS%20ILL%2C16-CHIG%2C30-%20(sheet%202%20of%204).png?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reliance%20Building%2C%2032%20North%20State%20Street%2C%20Chicago%2C%20Cook%20County%2C%20IL%20HABS%20ILL%2C16-CHIG%2C30-%20(sheet%202%20of%204).png","credit":"Reliance Building — HABS measured floor plans (Library of Congress) — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"}]},"en":{"essence":"A language of late-nineteenth-century commercial high-rises in Chicago, making repeated floors and large windows legible on the facade. Chicago windows combine a broad fixed pane with narrower opening panes. Terracotta and concentrated entrance ornament coexist with this regular structure, distinguishing it from the later International Style.","cues":["A wide fixed window between two narrower opening windows","A repeated grid of piers and floor bands","Projecting window bays and large glazed areas","Pale terracotta or stone with ornament concentrated near entrances"],"works":["Explaining early high-rise architecture through the relationship between windows and structure","Organising a commercial front through daylight, repetition and a distinct entrance"],"recipe":{"type":"Align signage with entrances and floors rather than covering the facade with a billboard.","layout":"Repeat a three-part window unit between continuous vertical piers and floor bands.","material":"Combine broad glass panes, pale ceramic cladding and dark metal, concentrating detail at the street entrance."},"avoid":"Not every glazed grid is Chicago School. Keep the early commercial tradition distinct from the later Second Chicago School and from the Chicago Imagists in painting.","study":["Reliance Building — Charles B. Atwood / D. H. Burnham & Co.","Marquette Building — Holabird & Roche","Sullivan Center — Louis Sullivan"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/chicago-school","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/chicago-school","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/chicago-school/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/chicago-school/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}