{"id":"cel-animation","no":197,"name":"Cel Animation","ja":"セル・アニメーション","era":"1915–1990s","family":"アニメーション技法","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 11","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"MoMA — Animation","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/animation"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/animation","credit":"MoMA — Animation","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Winsor%20McCay%20(1918)%20The%20Sinking%20of%20the%20Lusitania%20cel%20(Lusitania%20rolling%20over).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winsor%20McCay%20(1918)%20The%20Sinking%20of%20the%20Lusitania%20cel%20(Lusitania%20rolling%20over).jpg","credit":"ウィンザー・マッケイ『ルシタニア号の沈没』セル 1918 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/File-Inkandpaint.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:File-Inkandpaint.jpg","credit":"セルへの彩色作業（CC BY-SA 3.0）"}]},"essence":"透明なセルロイドに動く部分だけを描き、静止した背景画の上へ重ねて撮影する分業技法。商業アニメーションの産業構造そのものを一世紀近く規定した。","cues":["透明セルの重ね","均質な彩色","背景と動画の分離","トレス線"],"intents":["親密","懐かしさ","技術"],"works":["均質な塗りと明快な輪郭で、キャラクターを長期に安定させたいとき","背景美術の描き込みと、動く人物の平明さを一つの画面で両立させたいとき"],"recipe":{"type":"タイトルは背景と別の層に置き、動画と重ならせない","layout":"動く要素と止まる要素を層に分け、層ごとに構図を決める","material":"背景は絵具で描き込み、人物は面を均一に彩色する"},"avoid":"セル塗りを名乗りながらグラデーションと柔らかい影を足し、輪郭の内側が濁って平面の強さを失う。","colors":["#e5bd36","#9b3f2c","#1b1f17"],"motif":"motion","pair":["limited-animation","rotoscope"],"study":["アール・ハードの特許 1915","上海美術映画製作所『大鬧天宮』","デジタル彩色への移行"],"en":{"essence":"The division-of-labor technique of painting only the moving parts on transparent celluloid layered over a still background. It defined the industrial structure of commercial animation for nearly a century.","cues":["Layered transparent cels","Uniform paint","Background separated from movement","Traced ink lines"],"works":["Keeping a character stable over a long run with even paint and clear outlines","Pairing richly painted backgrounds with plainly drawn moving figures"],"recipe":{"type":"Titles live on their own layer, never sharing a plane with the cels","layout":"Split moving and still elements into layers and compose each layer","material":"Painterly backgrounds under figures filled with perfectly even color"},"avoid":"Calling it cel shading while adding gradients and soft shadows, which muddies the area inside the outline and loses the strength of the flat plane.","study":["Earl Hurd's 1915 patent","Havoc in Heaven, Shanghai Animation Film Studio","the transition to digital ink and paint"]},"links":{"page":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/cel-animation","json":"https://indexstyle.org/api/styles/cel-animation","designSpec":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/cel-animation/design.md","imagePrompt":"https://indexstyle.org/styles/cel-animation/prompt.txt"},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}