{"id":"cel-animation","no":223,"name":"Cel Animation","ja":"セル・アニメーション","era":"1915–1990s","family":"アニメーション技法","kind":"技法","collection":"Dictionary expansion 11","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"MoMA — Animation","url":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/animation"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.moma.org/collection/terms/animation","credit":"MoMA — Animation","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Winsor%20McCay%20(1918)%20The%20Sinking%20of%20the%20Lusitania%20cel%20(Lusitania%20rolling%20over).jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winsor%20McCay%20(1918)%20The%20Sinking%20of%20the%20Lusitania%20cel%20(Lusitania%20rolling%20over).jpg","credit":"ウィンザー・マッケイ『ルシタニア号の沈没』セル 1918"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/File-Inkandpaint.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:File-Inkandpaint.jpg","credit":"セルへの彩色作業（CC BY-SA 3.0）"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Havoc%20in%20Heaven%20(1961-1964%20film)%20-%20Cel%20Animation%20Art%2C%20Img221142033.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Havoc%20in%20Heaven%20(1961-1964%20film)%20-%20Cel%20Animation%20Art%2C%20Img221142033.jpg","credit":"『大鬧天宮』セル画 1961–64"}]},"essence":"透明なセルロイドに動く部分だけを描き、静止した背景画の上へ重ねて撮影する分業技法。商業アニメーションの産業構造そのものを一世紀近く規定した。","cues":["透明セルの重ね","均質な彩色","背景と動画の分離","トレス線"],"intents":["親密","懐かしさ","技術"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"motion","pair":["limited-animation","rotoscope"],"study":["アール・ハードの特許 1915","上海美術映画製作所『大鬧天宮』","デジタル彩色への移行"],"en":{"essence":"The division-of-labor technique of painting only the moving parts on transparent celluloid layered over a still background. It defined the industrial structure of commercial animation for nearly a century.","cues":["Layered transparent cels","Uniform paint","Background separated from movement","Traced ink lines"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Earl Hurd's 1915 patent","Havoc in Heaven, Shanghai Animation Film Studio","the transition to digital ink and paint"]}}