{"id":"braille","no":430,"name":"Braille","ja":"点字","era":"1824–","family":"記号体系","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 21","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Perkins School for the Blind","url":"https://www.perkins.org/"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.perkins.org/","credit":"Perkins School for the Blind","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Six%20Principal%20Systems%20of%20Embossed%20Type.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Six%20Principal%20Systems%20of%20Embossed%20Type.jpg","credit":"点字以前の浮き出し文字6方式"}]},"essence":"ルイ・ブライユが15歳で設計した、2×3の点で全文字を表す触覚の文字体系。指腹一つに収まるセルの寸法設計は、人間工学とタイポグラフィが一致した稀有な発明。","cues":["2×3の点セル","指腹に合う寸法","触読の左→右","浮き出しの物質性"],"intents":["信頼","親密","技術"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"表面的な記号へ還元せず、時代・地域・技術・制作主体の文脈を確認する。","colors":["#e9e6dd","#67635d","#171615"],"motif":"notation","pair":["emoji","pictogram-system"],"study":["ルイ・ブライユ","先行した夜間文字（バルビエ）","日本語点字（石川倉次）"],"en":{"essence":"The tactile writing system Louis Braille designed at fifteen: every letter in a two-by-three cell sized to a fingertip — a rare invention where ergonomics and typography coincide exactly.","cues":["The 2x3 dot cell","Dimensions fit to the fingertip","Left-to-right tactile reading","The materiality of embossing"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Don't reduce it to surface signs. Verify the context of era, region, technology and makers.","study":["Louis Braille","Barbier's night writing","Japanese braille (Kuraji Ishikawa)"]}}