{"id":"blackletter","no":160,"name":"Blackletter","ja":"ブラックレター","era":"12th century–","family":"文字の歴史","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 08","addedAt":"2026-08-18","source":{"title":"Library of Congress — グーテンベルク聖書","url":"https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bibles/the-gutenberg-bible.html"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bibles/the-gutenberg-bible.html","credit":"Library of Congress — グーテンベルク聖書","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gutenberg%20Bible%20B42%20Genesis.JPG?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gutenberg%20Bible%20B42%20Genesis.JPG","credit":"グーテンベルク42行聖書 創世記 1455頃"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jenaer%20liederhandschrift.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jenaer%20liederhandschrift.jpg","credit":"イェーナ歌謡写本 14世紀"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Goethe%20Faust%20Opening%20Fraktur%2020052706%20crop.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goethe%20Faust%20Opening%20Fraktur%2020052706%20crop.jpg","credit":"フラクトゥーア組版の『ファウスト』"}]},"essence":"写本の筆致を垂直に凝縮した黒く密な文字で、ページを織物のように均質な黒みで満たす。活版印刷最初期の書体でもある。","cues":["垂直の密な画線","折れによる曲線の置換","強い黒み","装飾的な大文字"],"intents":["高級","反骨","懐かしさ"],"works":["一次資料と代表作から成立条件を比較する","別媒体へ応用できる構成原理を取り出す"],"recipe":{"type":"参照作品の文字・記号・スケールを観察する","layout":"視線と情報を支配する構造を一つ抽出する","material":"時代・地域・制作工程に固有の素材と挙動を確認する"},"avoid":"「古風・強面」の記号に還元しない。宗教・国家・政治利用の歴史を含む書体であることを確認して使う。","colors":["#e5ded0","#8a2f26","#191512"],"motif":"type","pair":["gothic","letterpress"],"study":["グーテンベルク42行聖書","Textura・Fraktur・Rotundaの系統","20世紀ドイツのフラクトゥーア論争"],"en":{"essence":"The manuscript hand condensed into black vertical letters, filling the page with even, woven darkness — also the first typeface of printing.","cues":["Dense vertical strokes","Curves replaced by breaks","Heavy blackness","Ornamental capitals"],"works":["Comparing primary sources and canonical works","Extracting principles that transfer to other media"],"recipe":{"type":"Observe the letters, signs and scale of reference works","layout":"Extract the one structure that governs gaze and information","material":"Verify the materials and behaviors specific to era, region and process"},"avoid":"Not a sign for 'old' or 'menacing.' Remember its history of religious, national and political use.","study":["The Gutenberg 42-line Bible","Textura, Fraktur and Rotunda","the 20th-century German Fraktur dispute"]}}