{"id":"biedermeier","no":523,"name":"Biedermeier","ja":"ビーダーマイヤー","era":"1820s–1850s","family":"家具とインテリア","kind":"スタイル","collection":"Dictionary expansion 26","addedAt":"2026-08-19","source":{"title":"Getty Research Institute — Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Biedermeier (300021434)","url":"https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300021434"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300021434","credit":"Getty Research Institute — Art & Architecture Thesaurus: Biedermeier (300021434)","gallery":[{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Biedermeier%20sofa%2C%20Austria%2C%20c.%201815-1825%2C%20mahogany%2C%20upholstery%20(not%20original)%20-%20Montreal%20Museum%20of%20Fine%20Arts%20-%20Montreal%2C%20Canada%20-%20DSC09349.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biedermeier%20sofa%2C%20Austria%2C%20c.%201815-1825%2C%20mahogany%2C%20upholstery%20(not%20original)%20-%20Montreal%20Museum%20of%20Fine%20Arts%20-%20Montreal%2C%20Canada%20-%20DSC09349.jpg","credit":"《ビーダーマイヤーのソファ》オーストリア 1815–1825年頃 モントリオール美術館 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Biedermeier%20globe-shaped%20work%20table%2C%20Vienna%2C%20c.%201815-1820%2C%20maple%20veneer%2C%20bird's%20eye%20maple%2C%20fruitwoods%2C%20gilded%20and%20ebonized%20wood%2C%20mirror%2C%20brass%20-%20Montreal%20Museum%20of%20Fine%20Arts%20-%20Montreal%2C%20Canada%20-%20DSC09359.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biedermeier%20globe-shaped%20work%20table%2C%20Vienna%2C%20c.%201815-1820%2C%20maple%20veneer%2C%20bird's%20eye%20maple%2C%20fruitwoods%2C%20gilded%20and%20ebonized%20wood%2C%20mirror%2C%20brass%20-%20Montreal%20Museum%20of%20Fine%20Arts%20-%20Montreal%2C%20Canada%20-%20DSC09359.jpg","credit":"《球形の作業卓》ウィーン 1815–1820年頃 モントリオール美術館 — Wikimedia Commons / Public domain"},{"imageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Biedermeier%20Ensemble.jpg?width=640","pageUrl":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biedermeier%20Ensemble.jpg","credit":"《ビーダーマイヤー期の室内》オルデンブルク州立美術文化史博物館 — Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0"}]},"essence":"1820年代から1850年代の中欧の美術と室内に、後から諷刺として与えられた呼び名がそのまま様式名になったもの。中産階級の趣味と結びつけられ、込み入った装飾を避けた素直な形と、身近な人物や自然を情感をこめて描く画題を特徴とする。","cues":["彫刻や象嵌が乗らず、輪郭が単純なまま終わる家具","装飾の代わりに、板の木目そのものが正面へ出る","画題は身近な人物と自然で、情感をこめて描かれる","王侯の広間ではなく、市民の居室に収まる小ぶりな寸法"],"intents":["静けさ","信頼","親密"],"works":["住宅向けの家具や什器を、装飾を足さず木の面と輪郭だけで仕上げるとき","中産の暮らしを主題にした挿画や写真の、画題と調子を決めるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"文字は控えめに置く。太い装飾書体を避け、飾りの少ないローマン体を小さく使う。","layout":"左右対称で中央に主題を一つ置く。余白を広げすぎず、暮らしの道具が並ぶ密度を残す。","material":"明るい木地と一様なつや。金物は小さく、色数を三つ程度に絞る。"},"avoid":"簡素にしようとして装飾を全部落とすと、後年の機能主義の家具と見分けがつかなくなり、この様式が持つ市民の生活の気配が消える。","colors":["#C9A26D","#1F1A15","#B8C3BB"],"motif":"graphic","pair":["shaker-design","thonet-bentwood"],"study":["ゲッティの記述が Biedermeier を諷刺的な名だと明記している点","中産階級の趣味という括りが、家具の外にどこまで及ぶか","1820年代から1850年代という区切りの外で起きた再評価"],"en":{"essence":"Biedermeier is a satirical label pinned on Central European art and interiors of the 1820s to the 1850s, which then stuck as the name of the style. The Getty vocabulary ties it to middle class taste, to uncomplicated and modest forms, and to emotional depictions of people and nature. The name came from those mocking the taste rather than from anyone who made the work.","cues":["Furniture whose outline stays simple, with no carving or inlay laid over it","Plain figured wood facing forward, standing in for ornament","Subjects drawn from people close at hand and from nature, treated with feeling","Modest sizes made for a citizen's room rather than a court hall"],"works":["Finishing domestic furniture or fittings with plain wood surfaces and outline alone","Setting the subjects and tone of illustration or photography about middle class life"],"recipe":{"type":"Keep lettering quiet, using a plain roman at small size and never a heavy display face.","layout":"Symmetrical, with one subject at the centre, and spacing that keeps the density of a lived-in room.","material":"Pale figured wood with an even sheen, small metal fittings, and a palette held to about three colours."},"avoid":"Stripping every last ornament in the name of simplicity leaves work indistinguishable from later functionalist furniture and drains out the domestic warmth that defined the style.","study":["the point where the Getty description states outright that Biedermeier is a satirical name","how far the bracket of middle class taste reaches beyond furniture","the later reappraisal that happened outside the 1820s to 1850s bracket"]}}