{"id":"barbizon-school","no":694,"name":"Barbizon School","ja":"バルビゾン派","era":"1830s–1870s","family":"風景画","kind":"スタイル","essence":"フォンテーヌブローの森と農村で直接観察した木、湿地、畑、家畜を、低い地平線と土色の絵具で描いたフランスの風景画。歴史的な物語の背景だった自然を、天候と労働を持つ日常の主題へ変えた。","cues":["低い地平線と大きく変化する空","樹木、湿地、家畜、農作業の身近な主題","褐色、緑、灰色の抑えた土色","屋外素描の直接性とアトリエ油彩の厚み"],"intents":["静けさ","親密","信頼"],"pair":["naturalism","impressionism"],"study":["Théodore Rousseau and Fontainebleau","Jean-François Millet and rural labor","plein-air studies before Impressionism"],"works":["農村や森林を牧歌へ美化せず、天候と労働の場所として見せるとき","環境や土地の企画で、近景の土と空の変化を静かに観察させるとき"],"recipe":{"type":"素朴なセリフで場所と季節を短く記し、自然へ大きなコピーを重ねない。","layout":"地平線を中央より下げ、樹幹や家畜を片側へ寄せ、空の天候を広く取る。","material":"黄土、焦茶、オリーブ、鉛色を湿った筆で重ね、局所だけ白い光を置く。"},"avoid":"ベージュの田園風景を“自然派”と呼ぶだけでは足りない。特定の土地、天候、労働を観察し、印象派ほど色を分解しない。","colors":["#514938","#7D8060","#B5AA87"],"motif":"landscape","collection":"Dictionary expansion 40","addedAt":"2026-08-23","source":{"title":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art — The Barbizon School","url":"https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-barbizon-school-french-painters-of-nature"},"reference":{"status":"verified","pageUrl":"https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/the-barbizon-school-french-painters-of-nature","credit":"The Metropolitan Museum of Art — The Barbizon School"},"en":{"essence":"French landscape painting built from direct observation around Fontainebleau, treating trees, marsh, fields, livestock, weather, and labor as the subject rather than the background to a historical story.","cues":["Low horizon under a changing sky","Trees, marsh, livestock, and rural labor","Restrained brown, green, and grey earth colors","The directness of outdoor studies joined to substantial studio paint"],"works":["Showing countryside and forest as places of weather and labor rather than pastoral fantasy","Giving environmental work a quiet attention to soil, near distance, and changing sky"],"recipe":{"type":"Use a plain serif for place and season, keeping large copy out of the landscape.","layout":"Lower the horizon, weight one side with a trunk or animal, and give most of the field to weather.","material":"Layer ochre, umber, olive, and lead grey wetly, then place white light only in a few areas."},"avoid":"A beige country scene is not automatically Barbizon. Observe a specific site, weather, and form of work, and do not break color as far as Impressionism.","study":["Théodore Rousseau and Fontainebleau","Jean-François Millet and rural labor","plein-air studies before Impressionism"]},"usage":{"license":"CC-BY-4.0","licenseName":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"IndexStyle — https://indexstyle.org","attributionUrl":"https://indexstyle.org","scope":"Original IndexStyle text and structured data. Reference images, quoted works, and third-party material are excluded and retain their own rights."}}